{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T04:56:39Z","timestamp":1790571399375,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Theory of Mind (ToM) is a fundamental component of social cognition that enables individuals to infer others' mental states and predict their behavior. Although ToM may be shaped by cardiac autonomic dynamics, the psychophysiological mechanisms underlying its cognitive (CToM) and affective (AToM) components remain unclear. Prior research has predominantly emphasized cardiac parasympathetic (PNS) modulation, whereas the role of cardiac sympathetic (SNS) activation\u2014particularly under experimental manipulation\u2014remains underexplored. The present study experimentally manipulated cardiac autonomic states using paced breathing to examine their effects on CToM and AToM performance and their associations with tonic and phasic cardiac autonomic dynamics. A total of 175 healthy young adults were assigned to fast\u2010paced breathing (FPB; SNS\u2010dominant), slow\u2010paced breathing (SPB; PNS\u2010enhanced), or control conditions. Cardiac autonomic indices were continuously recorded, and ToM performance was assessed following each manipulation. Results showed that manipulation checks confirmed distinct cardiac autonomic profiles without inducing emotional changes. FPB\u2014characterized by increased SNS activation along with PNS withdrawal\u2014selectively impaired CToM performance, whereas AToM remained unaffected, and no differences were observed between SPB and control conditions. Tonic analyses indicated that reciprocal cardiac PNS\u2013SNS activity was positively associated with CToM performance, whereas better AToM was primarily related to higher cardiac PNS activity. At the phasic level, greater SNS reactivity uniquely predicted poorer CToM performance, whereas poorer AToM was associated with greater coordinated PNS\u2013SNS modulation. The convergence between experimental manipulation and phasic patterns strengthens the interpretability of these associations. These findings provide direct evidence that cardiac autonomic dynamics differentially shape cognitive and affective components of ToM. Specifically, heightened cardiac SNS reactivity appears to disrupt cognitively demanding mental state inference, whereas overall cardiac PNS\u2013SNS stability supports affective mental state attribution. This study advances an integrative framework linking dynamic, state\u2010dependent cardiac autonomic processes to distinct components of social cognition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.70395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T04:21:27Z","timestamp":1788754887000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cardiac Autonomic Dynamics Differentially Shape Cognitive and Affective Theory of Mind: Evidence From Respiratory Manipulation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4430-4941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo\u2010Cheng","family":"Hsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology National Chung Cheng University  Chiayi Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2585-3339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yen\u2010Hsuan","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology National Chung Cheng University  Chiayi Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3388-6410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chia\u2010Ying","family":"Weng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology National Chung Cheng University  Chiayi Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2011.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/0269-8803\/a000332"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-090121-014424"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"398","volume-title":"The Oxford Handbook of Developmental Psychology, Vol. 2: Self and Other","author":"Astington J. 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