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From a monitoring vs. executive perspective, this study thus comprehensively examined whether and how the neurophysiological (ERN and its time\u2010frequency decomposition components) and behavioral (posterror accuracy) indicators of PM interacted with childhood maltreatment on young adult depressive symptoms. A total of 192 Chinese university students (\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u200921.08\u2009\u00b1\u20091.91\u2009years; 59.4% girls) completed self\u2010report questionnaires and an Eriksen Flanker task while EEG activity was recorded. The results showed that blunted vs. heightened ERN and error\u2010related delta were more likely to amplify the adverse effect of childhood maltreatment, especially emotional neglect, on young adult depressive symptoms. However, error\u2010related theta and posterror accuracy did not show such interaction effects. The findings showed strong robustness across a series of sensitivity analyses. The results provide preliminary evidence that blunted error monitoring but not executive ability, reflected by ERN and error\u2010related delta, may be a neurobiological moderator that underlies maltreatment\u2010related depression, which deepens the cognitive control underpinnings of depression. However, given the high\u2010functioning sample, caution is warranted when generalizing these findings in high\u2010risk clinical samples.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.70406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T09:00:09Z","timestamp":1790931609000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Blunted Neural Error Monitoring Amplifies the Adverse Effect of Childhood Maltreatment on Depressive Symptoms: Time\u2010Domain and Time\u2010Frequency Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0927-5900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Rehabilitation Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linghui","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Rehabilitation Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3675-4210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cong","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Rehabilitation Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0034616"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2021.103216"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13801"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010psych\u2010010814\u2010015407"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2020.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415\u2010020\u201000792\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13803"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","volume-title":"Beck Depression Inventory\u2010Second Edition Manual","author":"Beck A. 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