{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T05:47:37Z","timestamp":1791870457448,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UMO\u20102020\/39\/B\/HS6\/00685"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UMO\u20102020\/39\/B\/HS6\/00685"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A baseline is necessary to define biological reactivity in psychophysiological research. However, the conceptualization and implementation of baseline measurements are often underdescribed and weakly justified. This poses a problem because poor baseline decisions have the potential to introduce noise, reduce comparability across studies, and bias interpretations of data. In this article, we focus on laboratory studies using cardiovascular measures in affective psychophysiology. Motivated by substantial variation and limited reporting of baseline procedures, we examined within\u2010baseline stabilization in two studies. Study 1 analyzed 1593 baseline sessions from 1310 participants in the POPANE and CEPAV datasets. Study 2 assessed generalizability using data from 2395 participants collected in a U.S. laboratory. Findings suggest that although different cardiovascular indices may stabilize differently during a 5\u2010min baseline, this procedure is a reasonable, pragmatic choice. More broadly, findings highlight the need for stronger justification, standardization, and reporting of baseline procedures in psychophysiological research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.70419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T05:26:22Z","timestamp":1791869182000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Baselines Matter: Cardiovascular Baseline Procedures in Affective Psychophysiology"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2455-4556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Behnke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Affective Computing Group Adam Mickiewicz University  Pozna\u0144 Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9295-0212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wadim","family":"Krzy\u017caniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Affective Computing Group Adam Mickiewicz University  Pozna\u0144 Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7163-2485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Szymon J\u0119\u015bko","family":"Bia\u0142ek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Affective Computing Group Adam Mickiewicz University  Pozna\u0144 Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1780-2679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patryk","family":"Maciejewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Affective Computing Group Adam Mickiewicz University  Pozna\u0144 Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6711-290X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Audrey\u2010Ann","family":"Journault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Trois\u2010Rivi\u00e8res  Trois\u2010Rivi\u00e8res Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9533-2953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvia","family":"Kreibig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Stanford University  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3790-8747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy P.","family":"Jamieson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Rochester  Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3624-3090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James J.","family":"Gross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Stanford University  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278\u20106133.8.5.525"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2020.110191"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13329"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597\u2010021\u201001117\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/emo0000903"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17540739211073084"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597\u2010024\u201004364\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.240691"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","first-page":"307","volume-title":"Handbook of Approach and Avoidance Motivation","author":"Berntson G. G.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20108986.1994.tb01042.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dr.2012.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/emo0000883"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20108986.1987.tb01870.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14522"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13664"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20108986.1990.tb02343.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-90-481-2350-6","volume-title":"The Science of Well\u2010Being","author":"Diener E.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0256483"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/hea0000979"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13741"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20108986.2008.00698.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902\u2010020\u201000218\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2018.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699930903378305"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1754073918765660"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42761\u2010023\u201000214\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022\u20103999(94)90087\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895\u20107061(02)02923\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10615806.2020.1847275"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/emo0001520"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","volume-title":"Textbook of Medical Physiology","author":"Guyton A. C.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10615806.2018.1530049"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2021.1896353"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20108986.1986.tb00584.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/abm\/15.1.41"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0000147"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20108986.1992.tb02052.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20108986.1996.tb02427.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12802"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2019.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902\u2010021\u201000389\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Well\u2010Being: The Foundations of Hedonic Psychology","author":"Kahneman D.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033\u2010295X.93.2.136"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1914185"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20108986.2007.00499.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","first-page":"24","volume-title":"Handbook of Self\u2010Regulation: Research, Theory, and Applications","author":"Koole S. L.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144\u2010025\u201008861\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2010.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2012.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_51_1","first-page":"17","volume-title":"Social Psychophysiology and Emotion: Theory and Clinical Applications","author":"Levenson R. W.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20108986.1975.tb01289.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010017\u201012775\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428\u2010020\u201001516\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYP.0000000000000087"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2010.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-8491-5","volume-title":"Cardiovascular Psychophysiology: A Perspective","author":"Obrist P. A.","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0000757"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_59_1","first-page":"361","volume-title":"Foundations of Augmented Cognition: Neuroergonomics and Operational Neuroscience: 10th International Conference, AC 2016, Held as Part of HCI International 2016, Toronto, ON, Canada, July 17\u201022, 2016, Proceedings, Part I 10","author":"Parchment A.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_60_1","volume-title":"Digest of the 10th International Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering","author":"Penaz J.","year":"1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/emo0000202"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0265407517734655"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2014.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2017.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167\u20108760(00)00102\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20108986.1987.tb00348.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842\u2010199101000\u201000003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14604"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.73"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0032413"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2010.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20108986.2011.01350.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2005.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2006.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0077714"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033\u2010295X.110.1.145"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699930903274322"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13772"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2020.104582"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14427"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20108986.2012.01382.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000128"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_83_1","first-page":"225","volume-title":"Handbook of Affective Sciences","author":"Stemmler G.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_84_1","volume-title":"Psychophysiological Recording","author":"Stern R. M.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010psych\u2010020122\u2010041854"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13808"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12958"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010022\u201004907\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797616649604"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jrpe.1999.2275"}],"container-title":["Psychophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/psyp.70419","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/psyp.70419","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/psyp.70419","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T05:26:26Z","timestamp":1791869186000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/psyp.70419"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/psyp.70419"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyp.70419","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-5772","1469-8986"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-5772","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8986","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70419"}}