{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T15:02:31Z","timestamp":1781794951391,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,23]],"date-time":"2020-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004472","name":"Riksbankens Jubileumsfond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SGO14\u20101147:1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGO14\u20101147:1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004472","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Administration Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:italic>Previous studies have identified institutional, organizational, and individual factors that promote innovation in public organizations. Yet they have overlooked how the type of public administration\u2014and the type of administrators\u2014is associated with innovative attitudes. Using two large, unique comparative data sets on public bureaucracies and public managers, this article examines how bureaucratic politicization and legalistic features are associated with senior public managers\u2019 attitudes toward innovation in 19 European countries. Results of multilevel analysis indicate that the bureaucratic politicization of an administration and the law background of public managers matter. Public managers working in politicized administrations and those whose education includes a law degree exhibit lower pro\u2010innovation attitudes (i.e., receptiveness to new ideas and creative solutions and change orientation).<\/jats:italic>\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/puar.13175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,23]],"date-time":"2020-03-23T07:09:55Z","timestamp":1584947395000},"page":"454-467","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Politicization, Bureaucratic Legalism, and Innovative Attitudes in the Public Sector"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Victor","family":"Lapuente","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Gothenburg and, ESADE Business School"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kohei","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leiden University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"Civil Services in the Europe of Fifteen: Current Situation and Prospects","author":"Auer Astrid","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14719037.2011.589614"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1532673X01293001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","volume-title":"Civil Service Systems in Western Europe","author":"Bekke A.J.G.M.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/977379"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","unstructured":"Bible James.2016. Why Do Law Firms Find Innovation So Difficult? Legal Business World October 6.https:\/\/www.legalbusinessworld.com\/single\u2010post\/2016\/10\/06\/Why\u2010do\u2010law\u2010firms\u2010find\u2010innovation\u2010so\u2010difficult[accessed February 28 2020]."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.strueco.2013.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/0033-3352.00113"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/c40m"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3998\/mpub.15149"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14719037.2012.707681"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14719037.2013.841977"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14719037.2013.806576"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10610-016-9307-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2015.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/padm.12617"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gove.12037"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/681058"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","unstructured":"Croft Jane.2016. Artificial Intelligence Disrupting the Business of Law.Financial Times October 6."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412959636.n465"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781316822869"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1065912911408109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4337\/9780857934932.00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","volume-title":"The QoG Expert Survey Dataset II","author":"Dahlstr\u00f6m Carl","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/256406"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8551.2006.00498.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jopart\/mun021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14719037.2019.1668467"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/padm.12209"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ppmgov\/gvy001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/978-1-137-55269-3_54"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-6210.2008.00928.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2657374"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jopart\/mus008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8500.2011.00726.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/scipol\/scv060"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/puar.12996"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","unstructured":"Furlong Jordan.2013. Why Lawyers Don't Innovate.Law21 Blog August 20.https:\/\/www.law21.ca\/2013\/08\/why\u2010lawyers\u2010dont\u2010innovate\/[accessed February 28 2020]."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0734371X17698189"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/puar.13018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","unstructured":"Hammerschmid Gerhard.2015. COCOPS Executive Survey on Public Sector Reform in Europe\u2014Views and Experiences from Senior Executives\u2014Full Version.https:\/\/dbk.gesis.org\/dbksearch\/sdesc2.asp?no=6598&db=e&doi=10.4232\/1.12474[accessed February 28 2020]."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0020852317751632"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/puar.12136"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0275074012447979"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","first-page":"241","article-title":"Towards a Theory of Law and Entrepreneurship","volume":"26","author":"Hobbs Steven H.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Capital University Law Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4337\/9781781001080.00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10967494.2014.997906"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15309576.2018.1442359"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780199286546.003.0026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15309576.2015.1137764"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203936177"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The Study of Public Management in Europe and the US: A Comparative Analysis of National Distinctiveness","author":"Kickert Walter","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","first-page":"97","volume-title":"The Ashgate Research Companion to New Public Management","author":"Kickert Walter","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0144739415620949"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/9781137491459_11"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","first-page":"375","article-title":"Skewing the Results: The Role of Lawyers in Transmitting Legal Rules","volume":"5","author":"Langevoort Donald C.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Southern California Interdisciplinary Law Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gove.12462"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0020852317694085"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","volume-title":"Sustaining Innovation: Creating Nonprofit and Government Organizations That Innovate Naturally","author":"Light Paul C.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","first-page":"414","volume-title":"Classics of Public Administration","author":"Lipsky Michael.","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","first-page":"151","article-title":"Minding More than Our Own Business: Educating Entrepreneurial Lawyers through Law School\u2013Business School Collaborations","volume":"30","author":"Luppino Anthony J.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Western New England Law Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4337\/9780857930545.00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-6210.2012.02626.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","volume-title":"Comparative Public Management: Why National, Environmental, and Organizational Context Matters","author":"Meier Kenneth J.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9299.2012.02105.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/puar.12839"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gove.12201"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2575.2005.00185.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/peps.12003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jopart\/muv026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jopart\/mui027"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","unstructured":"Organisation for Economic Co\u2010operation and Development (OECD).2003. Country Reports on Performance\u2010Related Pay from France Germany the UK and Sweden."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","unstructured":"Organisation for Economic Co\u2010operation and Development OECD.2004. Performance\u2010Related Pay Policies for Government Employees: Main Trends in OECD Member Countries."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9299.2011.01932.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/9780230289635_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/9780230289635_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/9780230289635"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/9780230289635_9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0095399711412928"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2370.2009.00257.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-2727(99)00044-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ppmgov\/gvx003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/976330"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40685-018-0081-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0491.2008.00391.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jopart\/mum035"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jopart\/mur008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00953990122019749"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9299.2011.01949.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/padm.12280"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/rego.12186"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/256701"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5907.2006.00218.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_96_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Analysis of the Use of Advisors as Information Sources in Venture Startups","volume":"29","author":"Smeltzer Larry R.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Small Business Management"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/976863"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/977316"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15309576.2018.1519449"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14719037.2019.1619813"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5907.2008.00364.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/book.11301"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_103_1","unstructured":"Teorell Jan StefanDahlberg S\u00f6renHolmberg BoRothstein AnnaKhomenko andRichardSvensson.2017. The Quality of Government Standard Dataset version January 17. University of Gothenburg Quality of Government Institute."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_104_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Bureaucracy and Innovation","author":"Thompson Victor A.","year":"1965","journal-title":"Administrative Science Quarterly 10"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4337\/9781783475407.00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0734371X15609409"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0020852314564310"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9299.2006.00004.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14719037.2013.771698"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10488-013-0486-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14719037.2013.790273"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5465\/amj.2010.49388995"}],"container-title":["Public Administration Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fpuar.13175","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/puar.13175","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/puar.13175","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/puar.13175","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,27]],"date-time":"2023-08-27T13:54:30Z","timestamp":1693144470000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/puar.13175"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,23]]},"references-count":112,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/puar.13175"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/puar.13175","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3352","1540-6210"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3352","type":"print"},{"value":"1540-6210","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-08-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-02-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-03-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}