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The effect of nutritional stress was previously reported to influence gene expression in key tissues for metabolic health and reproduction such as the liver and the genital tract early after calving, but not at breeding, that is, between 70 and 90\u00a0days post\u2010partum. This study investigated the effects of pre\u2010 and post\u2010partum mild underfeeding on global gene expression in the oviduct, endometrium and<jats:italic>corpus luteum<\/jats:italic>of eight multiparous Holstein cows during the early and middle phases of an induced cycle 80\u00a0days post\u2010partum. Four control cows received 100% of energy and protein requirements during the dry period and after calving, while four underfed received 80% of control diet. Oestrous synchronization treatment was used to induce ovulation on<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>80 post\u2010partum. Oviducts, ovaries and the anterior part of each uterine horn were recovered surgically 4, 8, 12 and 15\u00a0days after ovulation.<jats:italic>Corpora lutea<\/jats:italic>were dissected from the ovaries, and the endometrium was separated from the stroma and myometrium in each uterine horn. The oviduct segments were comprised of ampulla and isthmus.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>s from ipsi\u2010 and contralateral samples were pooled on an equal weight basis. In each tissue, gene expression was assessed on a custom bovine 10<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<\/jats:styled-content>array. No differentially expressed gene (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DEG<\/jats:styled-content>) in the<jats:italic>corpus luteum<\/jats:italic>was identified between underfed and control, conversely to 293<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DEG<\/jats:styled-content>s in the oviduct vs 1 in the endometrium under a false discovery rate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FDR<\/jats:styled-content>) &lt;\u00a00.10 and 1370<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DEG<\/jats:styled-content>s vs 3, respectively, under<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FDR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.15. Additionally, we used dedicated statistics (regularized canonical correlation analysis) to correlate the post\u2010partum patterns of six plasma metabolites and hormones related to energy metabolism measured weekly between calving and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>80 with gene expression. High correlations were observed between post\u2010partum patterns of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101, insulin, \u03b2\u2010hydroxybutyrate and the expression in the oviduct of genes related to reproductive system disease, connective tissue disorders and metabolic disease. Moreover, we found special interest in the literature to retinoic acid\u2010related genes (e.g.<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FABP<\/jats:styled-content>5\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRABP<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:italic>) that might indicate abnormalities in post\u2010partum tissue repair mechanisms. In conclusion, this experiment highlights relationships between underfeeding and gene expression in the oviduct and endometrium after ovulation in cyclic Holstein cows. This might help to explain the effect of mild undernutrition on fertilization failure and early embryonic mortality in post\u2010partum dairy cows.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.12113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,7]],"date-time":"2012-11-07T10:43:30Z","timestamp":1352285010000},"page":"484-499","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Pre\u2010 and Post\u2010Partum Mild Underfeeding Influences Gene Expression in the Reproductive Tract of Cyclic Dairy Cows"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"D","family":"Valour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INRA UMR1198 Biologie du D\u00e9veloppement et Reproduction F\u201078350 Jouy\u2010en\u2010Josas France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Est ENVA, UMR1198 F\u201094704 Maisons\u2010Alfort France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Hue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRA UMR1198 Biologie du 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