{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T02:00:03Z","timestamp":1785895203887,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,30]],"date-time":"2012-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reprod Domestic Animals"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Contents<\/jats:title><jats:p>The successful outcome of an insemination is a combination of both male and female fertility\u2010linked factors. We investigated the first service conception rate of cows at artificial insemination (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AI<\/jats:styled-content>) in the smallholder dairy farms in Bangladesh. Frozen straws were prepared from ejaculates of <jats:italic>Bos indicus<\/jats:italic> (n\u00a0=\u00a07) and <jats:italic>Bos indicus<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0<jats:italic>Bos taurus<\/jats:italic> (n\u00a0=\u00a07) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AI<\/jats:styled-content> bulls. Fertility was determined from 6101 first services in cows that were performed by 18 technicians in four regions between April 2004 and March 2005. Pregnancy was diagnosed by rectal palpation between 60 and 90\u00a0days post\u2010insemination. The Asian version of Artificial Insemination Database Application (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIDA <\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASIA<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>) was used for bulls\u2010, cows\u2010 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010related data recording, and later retrieved for analysis. The mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content> number of inseminations performed from individual bulls and their conception rates were 436.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a021.6 and 50.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.9%, respectively. Logistic regression demonstrated body condition scores (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCS<\/jats:styled-content>), heat detection signs, months of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AI<\/jats:styled-content> and their interactions had greatest effects (odds ratios: 1.24\u201316.65, p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.04\u20130.001) on first service conception rate in cows. Fertility differed (p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.02\u20130.001) between the regions, previous calving months, months of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AI<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> BCS<\/jats:styled-content>, parity and heat detection signs of cows. Inseminations based on mounting activity (n\u00a0=\u00a02352), genital discharge (n\u00a0=\u00a03263) and restlessness and\/or other signs (n\u00a0=\u00a0486) yielded a conception rate of 53.6%, 48.8% and 50.1%, respectively (p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Conception rate between technicians ranged between 43.4% and 58.6% (p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). The days interval from calving to first service (overall mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a0153.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a080.6) had relationship (p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCS<\/jats:styled-content>, months of previous calving and parity of the cows. Fertility at <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AI<\/jats:styled-content> in smallholder farms can be improved by training farmers on nutrition and reproductive management of the cows.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.12114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,30]],"date-time":"2012-10-30T05:36:23Z","timestamp":1351575383000},"page":"500-505","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Factors Affecting the First Service Conception Rate of Cows in Smallholder Dairy Farms in Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"MAR","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Obstetrics Faculty of Veterinary Science Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh Bangladesh"},{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison WI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ZC","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Obstetrics Faculty of Veterinary Science Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Bhattacharjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Obstetrics Faculty of Veterinary Science Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MM","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Obstetrics Faculty of Veterinary Science Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MM","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Obstetrics Faculty of Veterinary Science Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MA","family":"Haque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Artificial Insemination Laboratory Savar Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JJ","family":"Parrish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison WI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Shamsuddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Obstetrics Faculty of Veterinary Science Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"518","article-title":"A study on the technique of haemocytometric determination of sperm motility and 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