{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:52:30Z","timestamp":1788828750972,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,3]],"date-time":"2013-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1357171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reprod Domestic Animals"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Contents<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of the present study was to elicit opinion from two groups of veterinarians [subject matter experts and non\u2010subject matter experts] about the causes of bovine perinatal mortality and the criteria used to assign such causes. The subject matter experts were selected on the basis of their scientific publications or experience of working in a veterinary diagnostic or research laboratory in the area of bovine perinatal mortality. The non\u2010subject matter experts were self\u2010selected as cattle veterinarians without particular expertise in bovine perinatology. A total of 74 veterinarians (46 subject matter experts and 28 non\u2010subject matter experts) from 23 countries responded. The study was conducted using Delphi methodology over seven rounds. Respondents were asked to agree the causes of bovine perinatal mortality and for each cause to agree the supporting diagnostic criteria. There was a close agreement between groups on 16 causes of death apart from intra\u2010uterine growth retardation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IUGR<\/jats:styled-content>) and micronutrient imbalances which were accepted by fewer subject matter experts. There was inter\u2010group consensus on the criteria to diagnose accidents, congenital defects, dystocia, hyperthermia, infections, premature placental separation, prematurity and prolonged calving. There was inter\u2010group consensus on the criteria to diagnose anoxia, apart from gingival cyanosis; on haemorrhage, apart from haemorrhagic anaemia; on<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IUGR<\/jats:styled-content>, apart from organ weights; and on iodine imbalance, apart from goitre and thyroid iodine content. The results from this study highlighted the current lack of standardization of the criteria used to define the cause of death for bovine perinatal mortality and the need for such standardization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.12139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,3]],"date-time":"2013-01-03T08:26:23Z","timestamp":1357201583000},"page":"651-659","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["An International Delphi Study of the Causes of Death and the Criteria Used to Assign Cause of Death in Bovine Perinatal Mortality"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"JF","family":"Mee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal and Bioscience Research Department Teagasc Moorepark Research Centre Fermoy, Co. Cork Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Sanchez\u2010Miguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Veterinary Laboratory Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine Cork Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Doherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Herd Health &amp; Animal Husbandry School of Veterinary Medicine University College Dublin Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2007.apmv115s122.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"41","article-title":"AHVLA Disease Surveillance Report","volume":"169","author":"AHVLA","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"611","article-title":"Diagnosis of bovine fetal Neospora infection with an indirect fluorescent antibody test","volume":"137","author":"Barr B","year":"1995","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0147-44-111"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1977.tb00211.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"85","article-title":"Enzootic congenital goiter in calves. I. Etiology, clinical and pathohistological findings","volume":"42","author":"Durdevic D","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Vet (Beograd)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"Parturition duration and birthing difficulty in twin and triplet lambs","volume":"67","author":"Everett\u2010Hincks J","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc New Zealand Soc Anim Prod"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38629.587639.7C"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Contribution to Diagnosis and Correction of Iodine and Selenium Deficiencies in Cattle","author":"Guyot H","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/119.2.145"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"598","article-title":"The Delphi method","volume":"22","author":"Iqbal S","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychologist"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"66","article-title":"The incidence of goiter in newborn lambs from ewes fed fodder radish, rape or Italian ryegrass with or without iodine supplementation","volume":"71","author":"Judson H","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc New Zealand Soc Anim Prod"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2008.0074.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","first-page":"635","article-title":"A retrospective study of sporadic bovine abortions, stillbirths, and neonatal abnormalities in Atlantic Canada, from 1990 to 2001","volume":"46","author":"Khodakaram\u2010Tafti A","year":"2005","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879200400210"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.2007.36787"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62187-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"548","volume-title":"Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease","author":"Lopez A","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.128.22.521"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.137.20.508"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","unstructured":"MeeJF 1996:Effects of combined iodine and selenium deficiencies on bovine thyroid metabolism. Program and Abstrs 9th Int. Symp. Trace Elements in Man and Animals Banff Canada p.73."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2007.00911.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","first-page":"368","article-title":"Stillbirth\/perinatal weak calf syndrome in dairy heifers: results of a pilot study","volume":"129","author":"Muskens J","year":"2004","journal-title":"Tijdschrift voor Dier"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","volume-title":"Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics","author":"Noakes D","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1981.42.05.758","article-title":"Effects of maternal nutritional restriction and cold stress on young calves: clinical condition, behavioral reactions, and lesions","volume":"42","author":"Olson D","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","first-page":"1063","volume-title":"Proc XII World Cong Diseases Cattle","author":"Richardson C","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1985.46.09.1912","article-title":"Observations on transplacental infection with bluetongue virus in sheep","volume":"46","author":"Richardson C","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","first-page":"279","article-title":"Estimation of the developmental age of the bovine fetus and newborn calf","volume":"126","author":"Richardson C","year":"1990","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","volume-title":"Veterinary Obstetrics and Genital Diseases (Theriogenology)","author":"Roberts SJ","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","first-page":"346","article-title":"SAC C VS Disease Surveillance Report","volume":"168","author":"SAC","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"SAC C VS Disease Surveillance Report","volume":"168","author":"SAC","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Why stillborns are still born","volume":"154","author":"Schefers J","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hoard's Dairyman"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2003.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-3870.2010.00007.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.139.1.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","first-page":"201","article-title":"Comments on the maturity of stillborn calves","volume":"21","author":"Steinhardt M","year":"1993","journal-title":"Tierarzt Praxis"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.111.16.377-a"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0147-49-S1-S3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2008.04.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","first-page":"348","article-title":"Suffocating, slow calves with a thick neck Iodine deficiency in cattle","volume":"128","author":"Van Wuijckhuise L","year":"2003","journal-title":"Tijdschrift Dierg"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","first-page":"481","article-title":"Neonatal death of a calf due to intra\u2010abdominal blood loss from the umbilical arteries","volume":"70","author":"Vanholder T","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vlaams Dierg Tijdschr"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","first-page":"1227","article-title":"Gross postmortem and histologic examination findings from abortion losses and calf mortalities in Western Canadian beef herds","volume":"51","author":"Waldner C","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","first-page":"178","article-title":"Congenital goiter in cattle","volume":"38","author":"Wither SE","year":"1997","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2006-156"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.21423\/bovine-vol39no2p75-81","article-title":"Congenital myopathy, cardiomyopathy and vitamin E and\/or selenium levels in cattle: a retrospective study of 1208 abortion cases","volume":"39","author":"Yamini B","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bov Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119949091.ch12"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(98)90127-8"}],"container-title":["Reproduction in Domestic Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Frda.12139","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/rda.12139","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T15:47:33Z","timestamp":1745941653000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/rda.12139"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,3]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/rda.12139"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/rda.12139","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0936-6768","1439-0531"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0936-6768","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0531","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,3]]}}}