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We have recently shown that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IIH<\/jats:styled-content> has the ability to delay the LH surge of intact ewes. In the present study, we examined brain tissue to determine: (i) which hypothalamic regions are activated with respect to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IIH<\/jats:styled-content> and (ii) the effect of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IIH<\/jats:styled-content> on kisspeptin cell activation and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRFR<\/jats:styled-content> type 2 immunoreactivity, all of which may be involved in disruptive mechanisms. Follicular phases were synchronized with progesterone vaginal pessaries and at 28\u00a0h after progesterone withdrawal (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PW<\/jats:styled-content>), animals received saline (n\u00a0=\u00a06) or insulin (4\u00a0IU\/kg; n\u00a0=\u00a05) and were subsequently killed at 31\u00a0h after PW (i.e., 3\u00a0h after insulin administration). Peripheral hormone concentrations were evaluated, and hypothalamic sections were immunostained for either kisspeptin and c\u2010Fos (a marker of neuronal activation) or CRFR type 2. Within 3\u00a0h of treatment, cortisol concentrations had increased whereas plasma oestradiol concentrations decreased in peripheral plasma (p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05 for both). In the arcuate nucleus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARC<\/jats:styled-content>), insulin\u2010treated ewes had an increased expression of c\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content>os. Furthermore, the percentage of kisspeptin cells co\u2010expressing c\u2010Fos increased in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARC<\/jats:styled-content> (from 11 to 51%; p<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05), but there was no change in the medial pre\u2010optic area (m<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">POA<\/jats:styled-content>; 14 vs 19%). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRFR<\/jats:styled-content> type 2 expression in the lower part of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARC<\/jats:styled-content> and the median eminence was not altered by insulin treatment. Thus, disruption of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LH<\/jats:styled-content> surge after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IIH<\/jats:styled-content> in the follicular phase is not associated with decreased kisspeptin cell activation or an increase in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRFR<\/jats:styled-content> type 2 in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARC<\/jats:styled-content> but may involve other cell types located in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARC<\/jats:styled-content> nucleus which are activated in response to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IIH<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.12293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,10]],"date-time":"2014-04-10T04:34:28Z","timestamp":1397104468000},"page":"433-440","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Kisspeptin, c\u2010<scp>F<\/scp>os and <scp>CRFR<\/scp> Type 2 Co\u2010expression in the Hypothalamus after Insulin\u2010Induced Hypoglycaemia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"C","family":"Fergani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science University of Liverpool Neston UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JE","family":"Routly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science University of Liverpool Neston UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"DN","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science University of Liverpool Neston UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"LC","family":"Pickavance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science University of Liverpool Neston UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"RF","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science University of Liverpool Neston UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Dobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science University of Liverpool Neston UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-7-4-351"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2009-1190"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.139.10.4175"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(91)91488-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-0457"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114626"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.1110249"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.139.4.5904"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","unstructured":"CerneaM PhillipsR PadmanabhanV CoolenLM LehmanMN 2012:Prenatal testosterone decreases co\u2010expression of insulin receptors in KNDy neurons in adult ewes. 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