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Angus beef heifers (n\u00a0=\u00a0967) at eight locations were included in this study. At the initiation of synchronization (Day 0\u00a0=\u00a0initiation of synchronization), all heifers received a body condition score (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCS<\/jats:styled-content>), and temperament score (0\u00a0=\u00a0calm; slow exit and walk or 1\u00a0=\u00a0excitable; fast exit or jump or trot or run). Blood samples were collected from a sub\u2010population of heifers (n\u00a0=\u00a086) at both synchronization initiation and the time of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AI<\/jats:styled-content> to determine the differences in serum progesterone, cortisol, prolactin and substance\u2010P concentrations between temperament groups. Heifers were synchronized with 5\u2010day <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CO<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010Synch+ controlled internal drug release (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIDR<\/jats:styled-content>) protocol and were inseminated at 56\u00a0h after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIDR<\/jats:styled-content> removal. Heifers were examined for pregnancy by ultrasound 70\u00a0days after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AI<\/jats:styled-content> to determine <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AI<\/jats:styled-content> pregnancy. Controlling for synchronization treatment (p<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.03), facility design (p<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05), and cattle handling facility design by temperament score interaction (p<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.02), the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AI<\/jats:styled-content> pregnancy differed between heifers with excitable and calm temperament (51.9% vs 60.3%; p<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.01). The alley\u2010way with acute bends and turns, and long straight alley\u2010way had lower <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AI<\/jats:styled-content> pregnancy rate than did the semicircular alley\u2010way (53.5%, 56.3% and 67.0% respectively; p<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05). The serum hormone concentrations differed significantly between different types of cattle handling facility (p<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05). The cattle handling facility design by temperament group interactions significantly influenced progesterone (p<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.01), cortisol (p<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.01), prolactin (p<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.02) and substance\u2010P (p<jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.04) both at the initiation of synchronization and at the time of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AI<\/jats:styled-content>. Inter\u2010 and intra\u2010rater agreement for temperament scoring were moderate and good (Kappa\u00a0=\u00a00.596\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.07 and 0.797\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.11) respectively. The predictive value for calm and pregnant to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AI<\/jats:styled-content> was 0.87, and excited and non\u2010pregnant to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AI<\/jats:styled-content> was 0.76. In conclusion, the modified 2\u2010point temperament scoring method can be used to identify heifers with excitable temperament. Heifers with excitable temperament had lower <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AI<\/jats:styled-content> pregnancy. Further, cattle handling facility design influenced the temperament and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AI<\/jats:styled-content> pregnancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.12368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,11]],"date-time":"2014-08-11T10:43:21Z","timestamp":1407753801000},"page":"775-782","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Influence of Temperament Score and Handling Facility on Stress, Reproductive Hormone Concentrations, and Fixed Time <scp>AI<\/scp> Pregnancy Rates in Beef Heifers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"R","family":"Kasimanickam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Washington State University Pullman WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Schroeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Washington State University Pullman WA 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