{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T06:40:32Z","timestamp":1771742432002,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,24]],"date-time":"2014-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1411516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reprod Domestic Animals"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Contents<\/jats:title><jats:p>Assisted reproduction procedures, such as embryo transfer (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ET<\/jats:styled-content>) and artificial insemination (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AI<\/jats:styled-content>), in cattle could induce the secretion of prostaglandin F<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010alpha (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PGF<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>) from uterine horns which may in turn interrupt embryo development and implantation. This study investigated the effect of flunixin meglumine (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FM<\/jats:styled-content>), prostaglandin F2 alpha (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PGF<\/jats:styled-content>2<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>) and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FM<\/jats:styled-content>combined with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PGF<\/jats:styled-content>2<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>supplementation in culture medium (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>) on the development and quality of<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>produced bovine embryos. The development rate of embryos was significantly higher in the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FM<\/jats:styled-content>group (33.3%) than in control (24.3%),<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PGF<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>(23.9%) and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FM<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0+\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PGF<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>groups (24.5%). The percentage of hatched blastocysts was also higher (p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) in the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FM<\/jats:styled-content>group (41.2%) than in the control (27.8%) and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PGF<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>groups (19.8%). While, there was no significant difference in total cell number in all experimental groups, the number of apoptotic cells was significantly higher in the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PGF<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>group (8.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06.6) than in the control (4.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.2),<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FM<\/jats:styled-content>(4.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.5) and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FM<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0+\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PGF<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>(4.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.4) groups. Detected by real\u2010time<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>, secreted vesicle seminal protein 1 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SSLP<\/jats:styled-content>1) and prostaglandin G\/H synthase 2 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTGS<\/jats:styled-content>2) gene expression decreased (p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) in the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PGF<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>group. However,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SSLP<\/jats:styled-content>1 and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTGS<\/jats:styled-content>2 gene expression in the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FM<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0+\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PGF<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>group returned to their baseline levels, similar to the control and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FM<\/jats:styled-content>groups. Caspase 3 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAPS<\/jats:styled-content>3) gene expression increased in the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PGF<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>group compared with other groups (p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). In conclusion, addition of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FM<\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>culture significantly improved embryo development as well as alleviated the negative impact of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PGF<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.12413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,24]],"date-time":"2014-09-24T05:30:50Z","timestamp":1411536650000},"page":"957-963","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Effects of Flunixin Meglumine and Prostaglandin F<sub>2<\/sub><i>\u03b1<\/i>Treatments on the Development and Quality of Bovine Embryos<i>In Vitro<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"S\u2010S","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus) Department of Animal Science Gyeongsang National University Jinju 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