{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T15:52:38Z","timestamp":1784130758480,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,1]],"date-time":"2014-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1414800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine Fall Faculty and Research Grant"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reprod Domestic Animals"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Contents<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mares who have not delivered a foal early in life may experience limitations in cervical relaxation, primarily during oestrus. A closed cervix prevents intrauterine deposition of semen during natural breeding, may delay uterine clearance after insemination leading to intrauterine fluid accumulation in, and subsequent infertility. Therefore, a reliable pharmacological method of dilating the equine cervix would have practical application in veterinary medicine. The goal of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of topically applied, synthetic prostaglandin E<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> analogue (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PGE<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>) for stimulating dilation of the equine cervix. Ten mares in dioestrus were randomly assigned to one of two treatments in a single\u2010blind crossover study: (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">treatment<\/jats:styled-content>) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PGE<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> gel (1000\u00a0mcg compounded misoprostol cream) applied topically to the external cervical os (n\u00a0=\u00a05), and (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">control<\/jats:styled-content>) a vehicle cream applied topically to the external cervical os (n\u00a0=\u00a05). Transrectal palpation and ultrasonographic measurements of the cervix were performed prior to, six and 24\u00a0h post\u2010treatment. Digital measurements were taken, per vagina, at six and 24\u00a0h post\u2010treatment. Mares were monitored through the subsequent oestrous cycle for ovulation. Mares were assigned to the opposite treatment group such that each mare served as her own control (crossover). Data were analysed using parametric (split\u2010plot <jats:sc>anova<\/jats:sc>), as well as nonparametric (Kruskal\u2013Wallis <jats:sc>anova<\/jats:sc>, Wilcoxon's rank\u2010sum test) methods. At six and 24\u00a0h there were no significant differences for tone, length, height, degree of relaxation or echotexture between control and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PGE<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> treated groups at the measured time points (p\u00a0&gt;\u00a00.05). Topical cervical application of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PGE<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> did not induce a measurable degree of cervical relaxation under the conditions of this experiment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.12435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,1]],"date-time":"2014-11-01T06:37:34Z","timestamp":1414823854000},"page":"1057-1062","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Effects of Topical Application of Misoprostol on Cervical Relaxation in Mares"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"J","family":"McNaughten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Pozor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Macpherson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Kelleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Woodward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gluck Equine Research Center University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Troedsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gluck Equine Research Center University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.150.25.788"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70051-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2012.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"235","volume-title":"Ultrasonographic Cervical Parameters Throughout Gestation in the Mare","author":"Bucca S","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"48","volume-title":"Use of Computer\u2010Assisted Image Analysis to Determine the Interval Before and after Ovulation","author":"Carnevale EM","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"123","article-title":"Induction of abortion in 9 bitches with intravaginal misoprostol and parenteral PGF 2\u2010alpha","volume":"11","author":"Davidson AP","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Vet Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1093\/biolreprod\/52.monograph_series1.519","article-title":"Characterization of the cervix in cycling mares using ultrasound","volume":"1","author":"Day WE","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biol Reprod Mono"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70263-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"89","volume-title":"Ultrasonic Imaging and Animal Reproduction: Horses","author":"Ginther OJ","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2006.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0378(02)00007-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2013.10.105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"139","volume-title":"Reproduction Deduction \u2013 Part 2 Induction of Parturition","author":"LeBlanc MM","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3292.2003.tb00237.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","unstructured":"Niemantsverdriet\u2010MurtonAS PaccamontiDL EiltsBE PintoCF 2001:Prostaglandin E1 as an adjunct to prostaglandin F2a induced abortion in mare. 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