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The immunocytochemistry revealed the presence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SP<\/jats:styled-content>22 in all samples tested. The fresh spermatozoa stained predominantly over the equatorial segment as did the samples cooled for 1 and 2\u00a0days. The samples cooled for 3\u00a0days, and the frozen\/thawed samples had an increased proportion of no staining. The Western blots revealed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SP<\/jats:styled-content>22 was present on all semen samples tested. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>orthern blot of the tissues revealed a 1.0\u00a0kb <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> transcript present in each of the tissues, and the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>estern blot revealed the presence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SP<\/jats:styled-content>22 in each of the tissues. As expected, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SP<\/jats:styled-content>22 was found to be altered on cooled and frozen\/thawed spermatozoa. Our results suggest that the equatorial pattern is the normal pattern in spermatozoa, while a complete loss of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SP<\/jats:styled-content>22 from the surface of spermatozoa seems to be the staining pattern indicating the most extreme abnormality with scattered staining of the head indicating intermediate damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.12485","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,27]],"date-time":"2015-01-27T12:06:51Z","timestamp":1422360411000},"page":"275-282","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Distribution Pattern(s) of Sperm Protein at 22\u00a0kDa (SP22) on Fresh, Cooled and Frozen\/Thawed Equine Spermatozoa and Expression of SP22 in Tissues from the Testes and Epididymides of Normal Stallions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"LMJ","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maxwell H. 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