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To evaluate the effects of different dietary protein sources on metabolic parameters and reproductive activity, a total of 36 Italian Friesian early\u2010lactating dairy cows were assigned for 16\u00a0weeks to three dietary treatments as follow: the control diet contained soya bean meal (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBM<\/jats:styled-content>) as the main protein source, whereas the experimental diets contained faba bean (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FB<\/jats:styled-content>) or pea seeds (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PS<\/jats:styled-content>) as alternative protein sources. Diets were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Cow blood samples were collected, and plasma were analysed for metabolites, biological enzymes, <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010hydroxybutyrate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BHBA<\/jats:styled-content>) and non\u2010esterified fatty acids (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NEFA<\/jats:styled-content>). Feeding alternative protein sources had no effects on most metabolic blood profile, except for blood cholesterol, triglycerides and urea. Results from reproductive parameters indicated that cows fed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FB<\/jats:styled-content> diet had a lower insemination index, but a shorter calving to conception period and an improved conception rate and\u00a0artificial insemination outcome, when compared to cows\u00a0fed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBM<\/jats:styled-content> or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PS<\/jats:styled-content> diets. It can be concluded that replacing\u00a0conventional dietary SBM with alternative protein sources, especially FB, resulted in improved reproductive performances and metabolic parameters in early\u2010lactating dairy cows.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.12566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,2]],"date-time":"2015-07-02T08:23:54Z","timestamp":1435825434000},"page":"735-739","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Reproductive and Metabolic Responses of Early\u2010lactating Dairy Cows Fed Different Dietary Protein Sources"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"V","family":"Tufarelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section\u00a0of Veterinary Science and Animal Production Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO) University of Bari \u2018Aldo Moro\u2019 Valenzano Bari Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"GM","family":"Lacalandra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section\u00a0of Veterinary Science and Animal Production Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO) University of Bari \u2018Aldo Moro\u2019 Valenzano Bari Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Laudadio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section\u00a0of Veterinary Science and Animal Production Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO) University of Bari \u2018Aldo Moro\u2019 Valenzano Bari Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2002.143"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","volume-title":"Official Methods of Analysis","author":"AOAC","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1570-0232(02)00340-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/ijas.2009.491"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.55.6.401"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","first-page":"1753","article-title":"Replacement of soybean meal with yeast single cell protein in broiler ration: the effect on performance traits","volume":"46","author":"Chand N","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pak J Zool"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/ijas.2010.e38"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(98)70129-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/animres:2004034"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/star.19860380704"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1262\/jrd.2012-017","article-title":"Presence of a temperature gradient among genital tract portions and the thermal changes within these portions over the estrous cycle in beef cows","volume":"59","author":"Hossam EL","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Reprod Dev"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","volume-title":"Ruminant Nutrition. 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