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Heat stress can be quantified with the temperature\u2013humidity index (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">THI<\/jats:styled-content>) and is defined as a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">THI<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0\u2265\u00a072. Additionally, animal welfare is affected in cows living under heat stress conditions. Finding a way to quantify heat stress in dairy cows has been of increasing interest over the past decades. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate concentrations of faecal glucocorticoid metabolites [i.e. 11,17\u2010dioxoandrostanes (11,17\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DOA<\/jats:styled-content>)] as an indirect stress parameter in dairy cows without heat stress (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DOA<\/jats:styled-content> 0), with heat stress on a single day (acute heat stress, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DOA<\/jats:styled-content> 1) or with more than a single day of heat stress (chronic heat stress, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DOA<\/jats:styled-content> 2). Cows were housed in five farms under moderate European climates. Two statistical approaches (approach 1 and approach 2) were assessed. Using approach 1, concentrations of faecal 11,17\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DOA<\/jats:styled-content> were compared among <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DOA<\/jats:styled-content> 0, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DOA<\/jats:styled-content> 1 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DOA<\/jats:styled-content> 2 samples regardless of their origin (i.e. cow, unpaired comparison with a one\u2010way <jats:sc>anova<\/jats:sc>). Using approach 2, a cow was considered as its own control; that is 11,17\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DOA<\/jats:styled-content> was treated as a cow\u2010specific factor and only paired samples were included in the analysis for this approach (paired comparison with <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010tests). In approach 1 (p<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.006) and approach 2 (p<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.038), 11,17\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DOA<\/jats:styled-content> values of cows under acute heat stress were higher compared to those of cows without heat stress. Our results\u00a0also indicate that acute heat stress has to be considered as a confounder in studies measuring faecal glucocorticoid metabolites in cows to evaluate other stressful situations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.12691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,19]],"date-time":"2016-04-19T05:18:22Z","timestamp":1461043102000},"page":"392-399","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Effect of Heat Stress on Concentrations of Faecal Cortisol Metabolites in Dairy Cows"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"A","family":"Rees","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Animal Reproduction Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Fischer\u2010Tenhagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Animal Reproduction Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W","family":"Heuwieser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Animal Reproduction Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(73)85145-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2343"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(94)77149-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5877(94)90058-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(02)74296-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S175173111000090X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2012-6425"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2006-513"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1972.3551005x","article-title":"Cortisol turnover in heat\u2010stressed cows","volume":"35","author":"Christison GI","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(06)72193-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(03)00126-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(02)01075-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2012-6129"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(92)77781-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2013-7464"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2012-5947"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(00)74980-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","first-page":"496","article-title":"What is animal welfare? 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