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Holstein\u2010Friesian cows (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a032) from a single dairy farm were selected for this experiment. Before slaughtering, a complete reproductive examination was performed to discard any type of clinical disease. After slaughtering, reproductive tracts were collected, and the endometrium was sampled at 8 pre\u2010defined locations. At each location, endometrial biopsies (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EB<\/jats:styled-content>s) and cytology (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CY<\/jats:styled-content>) samples were harvested. Histopathology samples were stained with haematoxylin\u2013eosin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HE<\/jats:styled-content>) and naphthol\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010D\u2010chloroacetate\u2010esterase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010naphthol), while<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CY<\/jats:styled-content>samples were stained with Wright\u2013Giemsa. In the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HE<\/jats:styled-content>samples, parameters assessed were epithelium height, mononuclear cells infiltration, lymphocytic aggregates, periglandular fibrosis, angiosclerosis and haemorrhage. In<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010naphthol and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CY<\/jats:styled-content>slides,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMN<\/jats:styled-content>s counts were evaluated. Binomial logistic regression was used to assess the association between the number of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMN<\/jats:styled-content>s present in both the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010naphthol and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CY<\/jats:styled-content>samples and alterations identified in the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HE<\/jats:styled-content>samples and to analyse the distribution of the histopathological alterations (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HE<\/jats:styled-content>). A Poisson mixed\u2010effect model was used to analyse the distribution of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMN<\/jats:styled-content>s within the endometrium. A significant positive association was found between the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMN<\/jats:styled-content>counts and the mononuclear cells infiltration. The presence of erythrocytes was associated with higher odds to detect<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMN<\/jats:styled-content>s in the<jats:italic>stratum compactum<\/jats:italic>. Significantly, higher infiltration of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMN<\/jats:styled-content>s and mononuclear cells were detected in the uterine body and the right horn region. Concluding,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CY<\/jats:styled-content>is a technique that allows the evaluation of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMN<\/jats:styled-content>counts and therefore only evaluates active inflammation. A complete assessment of endometrial health can only be obtained using<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EB<\/jats:styled-content>. To optimize the sensitivity to diagnose endometrial inflammation in cows, adjacencies of the corpus uteri should be considered as the preferred region to harvest samples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.12742","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,5]],"date-time":"2016-08-05T05:15:18Z","timestamp":1470374118000},"page":"751-757","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Distribution of inflammation and association between active and chronic alterations within the endometrium of dairy cows"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"O","family":"Bogado Pascottini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Hostens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Dini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Vandepitte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Ducatelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Opsomer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"355","article-title":"Representativeness of a uterine biopsy in the mare","volume":"21","author":"Bergman R.","year":"1976","journal-title":"AAEP Proceedings"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(00)01752-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(87)90249-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2013-7450"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/1999.77suppl_2101x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"154","article-title":"Endometrial biopsy in the postpartum cow: Prediction of subsequent reproductive performance","volume":"29","author":"Bonnett B.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Annual Meeting Society for Theriogenology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","unstructured":"Bonnett B. 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