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A subset of mares are unable to resolve this inflammation, and they are considered susceptible to persistent mating\u2010induced endometritis PMIE<\/jats:styled-content> Select seminal plasma proteins cysteine\u2010rich secretory protein\u20103 (CRISP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20103) and lactoferrin have been shown to affect the innate immune response to sperm in vitro<\/jats:italic>. The objective of this study was to determine whether the addition of CRISP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20103 and lactoferrin at the time of insemination had an effect on the mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression of endometrial cytokines in susceptible mares after breeding. Six mares classified as susceptible to PMIE<\/jats:styled-content> were inseminated during four consecutive oestrous cycles with treatments in randomized order of: 1\u00a0mg\/ml CRISP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20103, 150\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml lactoferrin, seminal plasma (positive control) or lactated Ringer's solution (LRS<\/jats:styled-content>; negative control) to a total volume of 10\u00a0ml combined with 1 \u00d7 109<\/jats:sup> spermatozoa pooled from two stallions. Six hours after treatment, an endometrial biopsy was obtained for qPCR<\/jats:styled-content> analysis of selected genes associated with inflammation (pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL<\/jats:styled-content>)\u20101<\/jats:italic>\u03b2, IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20108,<\/jats:italic> tumour necrosis factor (TNF<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010<\/jats:italic>\u03b1,<\/jats:italic> interferon (INF<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010<\/jats:italic>\u03b3, anti\u2010inflammatory cytokines IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101RN<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> and IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010<\/jats:italic>, and inflammatory\u2010modulating cytokine IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20106)<\/jats:italic>. Seminal plasma treatment increased the mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression of IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101<\/jats:italic>\u03b2 (p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.019) and IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20108<\/jats:italic> (p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.0068), while suppressing the mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression of TNF<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> (p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.0013). Lactoferrin also suppressed the mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression of TNF<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> (p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.0013). In conclusion, exogenous lactoferrin may be considered as one modulator of the complex series of events resulting in the poorly regulated pro\u2010inflammatory response seen in susceptible mares.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.12813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,30]],"date-time":"2016-09-30T05:23:39Z","timestamp":1475213019000},"page":"89-96","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["The effect of select seminal plasma proteins on endometrial mRNA<\/scp> cytokine expression in mares susceptible to persistent mating\u2010induced endometritis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"CE","family":"Fedorka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science College of Agriculture Food and Environment University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"KE","family":"Scoggin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science College of Agriculture Food and Environment University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"EM","family":"Woodward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences New Bolton Center School of Veterinary Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"EL","family":"Squires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science College of Agriculture Food and Environment University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"BA","family":"Ball","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science College of Agriculture Food and Environment University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MHT","family":"Troedsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science College of Agriculture Food and Environment University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.105.045666"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.1.00096"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08927014.2013.773317"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"59","article-title":"An investigation of sperm migration into the oviducts of the mare","volume":"32","author":"Bader H.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of Reproduction and Fertility Supplement"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1992.tb05007.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2014.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"A3","article-title":"Uterine culture in mares","volume":"65","author":"Brook D.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Modern Veterinary Practice"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-8-41"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V80.1.235.235"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00047-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/6.1.51"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.110.084491"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2016.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1800203"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.64.75"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(91)90354-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2011.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2015.169"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1093\/biolreprod\/52.monograph_series1.515","article-title":"Onset and duration of uterine inflammatory response of mares after insemination with fresh semen","volume":"1","author":"Katila T.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biology of Reproduction Mono"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1186\/BF03548102","article-title":"Effect of timing of frozen semen insemination on pregnancy rate in mares","volume":"37","author":"Katila T.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","first-page":"723","volume-title":"Current therapy in theriogenology: Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of reproductive diseases in small and large animals","author":"Kenney R. 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