{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T20:53:20Z","timestamp":1783457600362,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,28]],"date-time":"2016-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reprod Domestic Animals"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Contents<\/jats:title><jats:p>Over the last 40\u00a0years, researchers have explored methods to non\u2010surgically suppress fertility in animals. Immunocontraception has been used to control wildlife populations but does not confer long\u2010term immunity. The gonadotropin\u2010releasing hormone (Gn<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RH<\/jats:styled-content>) agonist deslorelin, formulated as an implant to provide 6\u2010month to 1\u2010year suppression of fertility in male dogs, is available commercially in some countries. Neither of these approaches provide permanent sterility. A single\u2010dose, permanent treatment would be a valuable tool in dog and cat population control. The Michelson Prize and Grants (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MPG<\/jats:styled-content>) programme was initiated \u201cto eliminate shelter euthanasia of healthy, adoptable companion animals and reduce populations of feral and free\u2010roaming cats and dogs\u201d offering a $25 million <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content> prize for a non\u2010surgical sterilant that is effective as a single treatment in both male and female dogs and cats. Michelson Prize and Grants programme has offered <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content> $50 million in grant money for research and has attracted scientists worldwide. Approaches under study include gene therapy, small interfering <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> to inhibit reproductive targets and delivery of cytotoxins to pituitary gonadotrophs or Gn<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RH<\/jats:styled-content> producing neurons in the hypothalamus. Research in implant technology that could deliver compounds over an animal's lifetime is also underway. Details of funded grants and results to date can be found at: <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.michelsonprizeandgrants.org\/michelson-grants\/research-findings\">http:\/\/www.michelsonprizeandgrants.org\/michelson-grants\/research-findings<\/jats:ext-link>. The next steps are translating the most promising research into products. The Alliance for Contraception of Cats and Dogs (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACC<\/jats:styled-content>&amp;D) is helping to research practical methods of marking sterilized animals to avoid costly retreatment and population modelling that will help guide field workers in use of resources for sterilization programmes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.12862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,28]],"date-time":"2016-11-28T11:37:56Z","timestamp":1480333076000},"page":"327-331","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["New approaches to non\u2010surgical sterilization for dogs and cats: Opportunities and challenges"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5930-7961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda","family":"Rhodes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Alliance for Contraception in Cats and Dogs Board of Directors Member Scientific Advisory Board Found Animals Foundation  Durham NH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000364877"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"Alliance for Contraception in Cats & Dogs (ACC&D). (2013)Contraception and fertility control in dogs and cats: A report of the alliance for contraception in dogs and cats. ACC&D electronic publication. Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/www.acc-d.org\/resource-library\/e-book. (accessed May 31 2016)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"Betz S. F. Struthers R. S. Zhu Y. F. &Kusnetzow A. K.(2016).Approaches to gonadotroph ablation using GnRH receptor targeted toxins. Abstract presented at the ISCFR\u2010EVSSAR Congress Paris France."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2014.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dissen G. A. Lomniczi A. Adachi K. et\u00a0al. (2016).Engineering a gene silencing viral construct that targets the cat hypothalamus to induce permanent sterility. 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