{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T21:53:51Z","timestamp":1791582831010,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,3]],"date-time":"2016-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1478131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000208","name":"Institute of Museum and Library Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000208","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reprod Domestic Animals"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Contents<\/jats:title><jats:p>Semen banking of domestic cats and wild felids represents a vital resource for their long\u2010term conservation, but current methods require access to advanced training and specialized equipment. A newer method of semen collection, urethral catheterization of medetomidine\u2010treated cats, allows recovery of high sperm numbers, but it is unclear if this approach permits maximal sperm recovery or is feasible using less expensive alpha\u20102 agonists. Similarly, a newer sperm preservation approach, vitrification, offers advantages of simplicity and minimal equipment needs, but its efficacy in combination with urethral catheterization has not been investigated. Our specific objectives were to (i) evaluate sequential semen recovery with urethral catheterization and electroejaculation in domestic cats, (ii) assess the effectiveness of a weak (xylazine) versus strong (dexmedetomidine) alpha\u20102 agonist for inducing sperm release, and (iii) compare post\u2010thaw sperm motility, acrosome status and fertilizing capacity of catheter\u2010recovered samples after vitrification or straw freezing. Results indicated that electroejaculation following repeated catheterization allowed recovery of additional spermatozoa (range, 11\u201332\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\u00a0sperm\/male) and that xylazine was ineffective for inducing meaningful sperm release (range, 0\u20130.4\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> sperm\/male). Post\u2010thaw motility and acrosome status of vitrified catheter samples did not differ (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&gt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.05) from that of straw frozen samples. Preliminary results indicated that in vitro fertilization success (9\/30, 30%) of vitrified catheter sperm did not differ (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&gt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.05) from that observed with straw frozen samples (17\/30, 57%). In conclusion, urethral catheterization of dexmedetomidine\u2010treated cats allows recovery of substantial sperm numbers but electroejaculation still may be warranted for maximal sperm recovery. Xylazine is not suitable as an inexpensive alternative to dexmedetomidine for catheterization. Vitrification of catheter samples results in comparable post\u2010thaw parameters to straw freezing and may be adequate for use with oviductal insemination procedures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.12863","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,3]],"date-time":"2016-11-03T06:37:49Z","timestamp":1478155069000},"page":"255-260","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Urethral catheterization and sperm vitrification for simplified semen banking in felids"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"WF","family":"Swanson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Zoo &amp; Botanical Garden Center for Conservation and Research of Endangered Wildlife 3400 Vine Street Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HL","family":"Bateman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Zoo &amp; Botanical Garden Center for Conservation and Research of Endangered Wildlife 3400 Vine Street Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5951-2057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"LM","family":"Vansandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Zoo &amp; Botanical Garden Center for Conservation and Research of Endangered Wildlife 3400 Vine Street Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.112.105353"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198907000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.106.058065"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/RD14233"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-07-0463"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"124","article-title":"Semen vitrification in felids \u2013 a simplified cryopreservation method for field use","author":"Johnson J. D.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proceeding of the Annual Conference American Association of Zoo Veterinarians"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2012.02.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/RD03076"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2012.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.111.014274"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2006.03.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.12069"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/RDv26n1Ab58"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"417","volume-title":"Spermatology","author":"Swanson W. 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