{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:14:31Z","timestamp":1792170871266,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,24]],"date-time":"2016-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479945600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reprod Domestic Animals"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Contents<\/jats:title><jats:p>Since the conclusion of data collation from previously published work, a further 352 inseminations using frozen\u2013thawed dog semen by endoscopic\u2010assisted transcervical insemination (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EIU<\/jats:styled-content>) have been performed by the author. Insemination was performed on the second day in which crenulation of the anterior vagina was detected in conjunction with a progesterone concentration of &gt;10\u00a0ng\/ml. All semen samples were analysed for total number of sperm, total motility and progressive motility using computer\u2010assisted semen analysis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CASA<\/jats:styled-content>). The insemination dose was based on the progressively motile normal spermatozoa (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMNS<\/jats:styled-content>). Insemination was performed on all bitches as previously described using a ureterorenoscope. Additional extender was inseminated subsequent to the semen to expand and fill the uterus. The semen and additional extender were inseminated slowly over a period of 15\u201320\u00a0min. Pregnancy was determined by B\u2010mode ultrasound equipped with a 7.5\u2010MHz probe whilst standing and\/or via the whelping rate. The number of sperm inseminated ranged from 9\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMNS<\/jats:styled-content> to 519\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMNS<\/jats:styled-content>, with progressive motility values ranging between 20% and 80%. The overall pregnancy rate was 68% (238\/352). When stratified by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMNS<\/jats:styled-content>, pregnancy rates were as follows: &gt;150\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> PMNS \u2010 76% (110\/145), 100\u2013150\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> \u2010 68% (87\/128) and &lt;100\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> PMNS \u2010 52% (41\/79). Pregnancy rate was significantly higher when &gt;150\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMNS<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0.003) or 100\u2013150\u00a0\u00d710<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMNS<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0.027) were inseminated compared to &lt;100\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMNS<\/jats:styled-content>. These data are concordant with previous reports recommending the insemination of &gt;150\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMNS<\/jats:styled-content> to maximize pregnancy rate. These results indicate that one optimally timed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EIU<\/jats:styled-content> insemination results in similar pregnancy rates to previous publications of one optimally timed, or two or more non\u2010optimally timed inseminations using the Norwegian catheter.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.12864","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,25]],"date-time":"2016-11-25T02:36:52Z","timestamp":1480041412000},"page":"275-280","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["A retrospective clinical study of endoscopic\u2010assisted transcervical insemination in the bitch with frozen\u2013thawed dog semen"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"SJ","family":"Mason","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Veterinary Clinic  Oakleigh East Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.1975.tb00275.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"63","article-title":"Fertilization time in the bitch in relation to plasma concentration of oestradiol, progesterone and luteinizing hormone and vaginal smears","volume":"47","author":"Badinand F.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Reproduction and Fertility"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","volume-title":"Abnormal morphology of bovine spermatozoa","author":"Barth A.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2012.00958.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2005.tb02880.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"243","article-title":"Cryopreservation of dog semen: A review","volume":"47","author":"England G. C.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Reproduction and Fertility"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2012.04.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2006.01.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2008.01157.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2012.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.12019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"289","article-title":"Factors influencing the success rate of artificial insemination with frozen semen in the dog","volume":"39","author":"Farstad W.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Reproduction and Fertility"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"325","article-title":"Canine artificial insemination with frozen semen: Comparison of intravaginal and intrauterine deposition of semen","volume":"47","author":"Fontbonne A.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Reproduction and Fertility"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"433","article-title":"Canine ovulation timing. Probl","volume":"4","author":"Goodman M. F.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Veterinarni Medicina"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2006.05.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"277","article-title":"Ovulation detection and timing of insemination based on hormone concentrations, vaginal cytology and the endoscopic appearance of the vagina in domestic bitches","volume":"39","author":"Jeffcoate I. A.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Reproduction and Fertility"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","first-page":"20","volume-title":"Advances in dog, cat and exotic carnivore reproduction\u2010book of abstracts, Oslo, Norway","author":"Linde\u2010Forsberg C","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","first-page":"299","article-title":"Fertility in dogs in relation to semen quality and the time and site of insemination with fresh and frozen semen","volume":"39","author":"Linde\u2010Forsberg C.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Reproduction and Fertility"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"313","article-title":"Results of 527 controlled artificial inseminations in dogs","volume":"47","author":"Linde\u2010Forsberg C.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Reproduction and Fertility"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(99)00106-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","volume-title":"Small animal reproduction and fertility","author":"Lindsay F.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2014.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(93)90397-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","first-page":"288","article-title":"Vaginal cytology. Part 1. A useful tool for staging the canine oestrous cycle","volume":"6","author":"Olson P.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Compendium: Continuing Education for Veterinarians"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2005.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(94)00067-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2008.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","first-page":"341","article-title":"Artificial insemination with frozen semen in dogs: A retrospective study","volume":"57","author":"Thomassen R.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Reproduction and Fertility"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2006.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","first-page":"307","article-title":"Non\u2010surgical intrauterine artificial insemination in bitches using frozen semen","volume":"47","author":"Wilson M. S.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Reproduction and Fertility"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(01)50206-5"}],"container-title":["Reproduction in Domestic Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Frda.12864","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Frda.12864","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/rda.12864","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T07:46:39Z","timestamp":1694591199000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/rda.12864"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,24]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/rda.12864"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/rda.12864","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0936-6768","1439-0531"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0936-6768","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0531","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,24]]}}}