{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T16:23:13Z","timestamp":1758817393916},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,14]],"date-time":"2016-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007588","name":"Washington State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007588","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reprod Domestic Animals"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Contents<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study compared artificial insemination pregnancy rate (AI\u2010PR) between 14\u2010day CIDR\u2010GnRH\u2010PGF2\u03b1\u2010GnRH and CIDR\u2010PGF2\u03b1\u2010GnRH synchronization protocol with two fixed AI times (56 or 72\u00a0hr after PGF2\u03b1). On day 0, heifers (<jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>1311) from nine locations assigned body condition score (BCS: 1, emaciated; 9, obese), reproductive tract score (RTS: 1, immature, acyclic; 5, mature, cyclic) and temperament score (0, calm; and 1, excited) and fitted with a controlled internal drug release (CIDR, 1.38\u00a0g of progesterone) insert for 14\u00a0days. Within herd, heifers were randomly assigned either to no\u2010GnRH group (<jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>635) or to GnRH group (<jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>676), and heifers in GnRH group received 100\u00a0\u03bcg of GnRH (gonadorelin hydrochloride, IM) on day 23. All heifers received 25\u00a0mg of PGF2\u03b1 (dinoprost, IM) on day 30 and oestrous detection aids at the same time. Heifers were observed for oestrus thrice daily until AI. Within GnRH groups, heifers were randomly assigned to either AI\u201056 or AI\u201072 groups. Heifers in AI\u201056 group (<jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>667) were inseminated at 56\u00a0hr (day 32 PM), and heifers in AI\u201072 group (<jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>644) were inseminated at 72\u00a0hr (day 33 AM) after PGF2\u03b1 administration. All heifers were given 100\u00a0\u03bcg of GnRH concurrently at the time AI. Controlling for BCS (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.05), RTS (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.05), oestrous expression (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.001), temperament (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.001) and GnRH treatment by time of insemination (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.001), the AI\u2010PR differed between GnRH treatment [GnRH (Yes \u2013 60.9% (412\/676) vs. No \u2013 55.1% (350\/635); <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.05)] and insemination time [AI\u201056 \u2013 54.6% (364\/667) vs. AI\u201072 \u2013 61.8% (398\/644); (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.01)] groups. The GnRH treatment by AI time interaction influenced AI\u2010PR (GnRH56 \u2013 61.0% (208\/341); GnRH72 \u2013 60.9% (204\/335); No\u2010GnRH56 \u2013 47.9% (156\/326); No\u2010GnRH72 \u2013 62.8% (194\/309); <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.001). In conclusion, 14\u2010day CIDR synchronization protocol for FTAI required inclusion of GnRH on day 23 if inseminations were to be performed at 56\u00a0hr after PGF2\u03b1 in order to achieve greater AI\u2010PR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.12866","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,16]],"date-time":"2016-11-16T17:26:43Z","timestamp":1479317203000},"page":"122-129","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Fertility of Angus cross beef heifers after Gn<scp>RH<\/scp> treatment on day 23 and timing of insemination in 14\u2010day <scp>CIDR<\/scp> protocol"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"RK","family":"Kasimanickam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Washington State University  Pullman WA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JB","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nancy M. Cummings Nancy M Cummins Research Extension and Education Center University of Idaho  Carmen ID USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"WD","family":"Whittier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical sciences Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University  Blacksburg VA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2011.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(96)00024-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2007-0277"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2007.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2008.12.009"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"499","article-title":"Effects of temperament on reproductive and physiological responses of beef cows","volume":"89","author":"Cooke R. 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