{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T02:28:11Z","timestamp":1781144891931,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,19]],"date-time":"2018-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"DVM Students Summer Research Experience Program from College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA"},{"name":"Cultural Affairs and Mission Sector, Egyptian Ministry of Higher Education, The Arab Republic of Egypt"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reprod Domestic Animals"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Contents<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two experiments were conducted to determine (i) factors influencing calf temperament at weaning, (ii) association between heifer\u2013calf temperament at weaning and temperament at breeding and (iii) effect of heifer\u2013calf temperament on pregnancy rate per artificial insemination (P\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AI<\/jats:styled-content>). In experiment 1, beef cows and their calves (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0285) from three farms were used. Sire docility estimated progeny difference (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EPD<\/jats:styled-content>) score, birth type (normal or assisted), calf gender, calf behaviour (during 1st 4\u00a0weeks) and calf health status (until weaning) were recorded. Cows and calves were assigned a temperament score (0\u2014calm; 1\u2014excitable), and all cows were given a body condition score (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCS<\/jats:styled-content>, 1\u20139; 1\u2014emaciated; 9\u2014obese) at weaning. Calf's illness (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a0.05), low sire docility <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EPD<\/jats:styled-content> score (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a0.05), altered gait (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a0.05), altered resting behaviour (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a0.01), reduced\/no play behaviour (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a0.05) and cow excitable temperament (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a0.001) increased calf excitable temperament at weaning. In experiment 2, replacement heifer\u2013calves (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0758) from 12 farms were assigned a temperament score at weaning and later at breeding. Blood from 40 calves at weaning and 31 heifers at initiation of synchronization (same animals) was collected by coccygeal venipuncture for determination of circulating cortisol and substance P concentrations. Heifers were assigned a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCS<\/jats:styled-content> and reproductive tract score (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RTS<\/jats:styled-content>, 1\u20135; 1\u2014immature, acyclic; 5\u2014mature, cyclic), synchronized for fixed time <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AI<\/jats:styled-content>, observed for oestrus and were artificially inseminated. Cortisol concentrations were increased in excitable heifer\u2013calves compared to calm heifer\u2013calves at weaning (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a0.05), and substance P was increased in excitable compared to calm females both at weaning and breeding (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a0.05). Low sire <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EPD<\/jats:styled-content> docility score (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a0.01), heifer\u2013calf excitable temperament at weaning increased excitable temperament at breeding (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a0.01). Controlling for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCS<\/jats:styled-content> categories (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a0.01), oestrous expression (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a0.0001) and temperament at breeding by oestrous expression (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a0.05), the calf's excitable temperament at weaning (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a0.001) reduced P\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AI<\/jats:styled-content> (Calm, 62.7 (244\/389) vs. Excitable, 53.4% (197\/369); <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a0.01). In conclusion, selection of docile cows and sires with greater docility <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EPD<\/jats:styled-content> score should be given consideration to reduce calf excitement. Temperament in beef female can be detected earlier in their life and could be used as a tool in the selection process and to improve their performances.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.13135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,20]],"date-time":"2018-01-20T03:52:51Z","timestamp":1516420371000},"page":"484-494","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Predictors of beef calf temperament at weaning and its impact on temperament at breeding and reproductive performance"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"VR","family":"Kasimanickam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Washington State University  Pullman WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"RL","family":"Abdel Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Washington State University  Pullman WA USA"},{"name":"Department of Theriogenology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Beni\u2010Suef University  Beni\u2010Suef Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HM","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Washington State University  Pullman WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1117-7867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"RK","family":"Kasimanickam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Washington State University  Pullman WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"The use of reproductive tract scoring in beef heifers","volume":"12","author":"Anderson K. J.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Agri Practice"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod54.5.1025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Performance and behavioral measurements by fall\u2010born heifer calves traditionally weaned with or without companion goats: One year summary","volume":"620","author":"Backes E. B.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Animal Science Arkansas Science Research Series"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2006-450"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1982.55118x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2009.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.105.2.179"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/9781845932879.0000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.15.0330"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2009-2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2009-1910"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2007.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1591(99)00115-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.1200405"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2008.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0981"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2012-5447"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1591(89)90103-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054907"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/aab-58-13-2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/1999.77123168x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0720(15)30257-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.71.3.359"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2014.00368"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2345(1999)47:1<43::AID-AJP5>3.0.CO;2-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-016-0389-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(98)00189-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod58.6.1432"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.12436"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.12368"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(99)00026-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2008.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2006-295"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.20481"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/anbe.2000.1545"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2010.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","volume-title":"Textbook of veterinary epidemiology. Principles and methods","author":"Martin S. W.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","first-page":"109","article-title":"The effect of dystocia on physiological and behavioral characteristics related to vitality and passive transfer of immunoglobulins in newborn Holstein calves","volume":"79","author":"Murray C. F.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","unstructured":"NAHMS(2007).Part V: Reference of beef cow\u2010calf management practices in the United States. Retrieved 19 May 2016 fromhttps:\/\/www.aphis.usda.gov\/animal_health\/nahms\/beefcowcalf\/downloads\/beef0708\/Beef0708_dr_PartV.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1982.5461138x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","first-page":"A1","article-title":"By the numbers. Docility genetic evaluation research","volume":"2010","author":"Northcutt S.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Angus Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","first-page":"255","article-title":"Sources of variation in calving difficulty in beef heifers","volume":"7","author":"Paputungan U.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Americal Journal of Animal Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15232\/S1080-7446(15)30780-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ASC200696"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/9781845937553.0235"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02383825"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022999"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1017\/S0962728600028153","article-title":"Behavioural responses to castration in lambs","volume":"11","author":"Thornton P. D.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Animal Welfare"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2011.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1591(01)00177-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/1997.754892x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2008-1297"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2008.01.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.73.4.490"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(00)00322-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(98)00176-2"}],"container-title":["Reproduction in Domestic Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Frda.13135","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/rda.13135","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,18]],"date-time":"2023-09-18T11:59:17Z","timestamp":1695038357000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/rda.13135"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,19]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/rda.13135"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/rda.13135","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0936-6768","1439-0531"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0936-6768","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0531","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,19]]}}}