{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T16:31:04Z","timestamp":1770741064367,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,14]],"date-time":"2018-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reprod Domestic Animals"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"Contents<\/jats:title>The objective of this study was to consider endocannabinoid system as inflammatory markers in bovine endometrium to better understand the role of this system in regulating many of the functions that are related to inflammatory condition. At day 26 post\u2010partum, fourteen cows were divided into two groups depending on the inflammatory condition: 1\u2010 subclinical endometritis (n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a07, with purulent or mucopurulent uterine discharge detectable in the vagina) and 2\u2010 healthy (n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a07, No (muco)) purulent discharge. Blood samples were collected at 26 and 30\u00a0days relative to calving to determine plasma tumour necrosis factor (TNF<\/jats:styled-content>) and lipopolysaccharide\u2010binding protein (LBP<\/jats:styled-content>) concentrations; moreover, uterine biopsy was carried out on day 26 post\u2010partum to measure mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> abundance of TNF<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>, interleukin\u20101B (IL<\/jats:styled-content>1B<\/jats:italic>), interleukin\u20106 (IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20106<\/jats:italic>), C\u2010X\u2010C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL<\/jats:styled-content>8<\/jats:italic>), endocannabinoid receptor (CNR<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:italic>), N\u2010acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D (NAPEPLD<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>), fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>), N\u2010acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>) and monoglyceride lipase (MGLL<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>) by real\u2010time PCR<\/jats:styled-content>. Results showed mean plasma concentrations of TNF<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> and LBP<\/jats:styled-content> were lower in healthy cows compared to subclinical endometritis cows (p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a0.05). Relative mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression for NAAA<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> and FAAH<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> was decreased (p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a0.05), and relative mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression for CNR<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:italic> and NAPEPLD<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> increased in cows with subclinical endometritis compared to healthy cows. In conclusion, relative mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression of TNF<\/jats:styled-content>, IL<\/jats:styled-content>1B<\/jats:italic> and CXCL<\/jats:styled-content>8<\/jats:italic> and plasma concentration of LBP<\/jats:styled-content> increased during inflammatory condition along with decreased endocannabinoids hydrolyzing enzyme (NAAA<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> and FAAH<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>), increased enzymes that synthesize endocannabinoids (NAPEPLD<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>) and relative gene expression of the endocannabinoid receptor; together, these contribute to increased endocannabinoids levels during inflammation. Overall, we provide evidence that endocannabinoid system is altered in endometrium tissue during inflammation through increased mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression of CNR<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:italic> and synthesis enzyme and decreased mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression of hydrolyzing enzymes interfere with pro\u2010cytokine production and signalling, which may interfere with the onset and progression of inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.13169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,15]],"date-time":"2018-03-15T12:27:01Z","timestamp":1521116821000},"page":"769-775","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Endocannabinoids as endometrial inflammatory markers in lactating Holstein cows"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"R","family":"Bonsale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Mohaghegh Ardabili 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