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Several cryobiological studies have found that the physical and biological factors that affect sperm survival at low temperatures during the cryopreservation process often involve the integrity of sperm membrane. In this review, the behaviour of the sperm membrane against cooling, cold shock, ice crystal formation, oxidative stress, osmotic changes, reorganization of the lipid bilayer and addition of cryoprotective agents (CPA) is discussed. In addition, the phenomenon of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and its relationship with the cryopreservation process is also described. Semen cryopreservation techniques have progressed slowly in past years, and the current performance, measured as post\u2010thawed survival, is not very different compared to past decades. Recent advances in understanding the structure of the cell membrane, its function and metabolism have driven to new conservation systems, including lyophilization and vitrification. However, none of these technologies is commercially available, although its future appears very promising.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.13409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,25]],"date-time":"2019-01-25T13:24:34Z","timestamp":1548422674000},"page":"655-665","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["Recent advances in bovine sperm cryopreservation techniques with a focus on sperm post\u2010thaw quality optimization"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4460-8662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura Guadalupe","family":"Gr\u00f6tter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"C\u00e1tedra de Teriogenolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNL Esperanza, Santa Fe Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciano","family":"Cattaneo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C\u00e1tedra de Teriogenolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNL Esperanza, Santa Fe Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia Estela","family":"Marini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR\u2010CONICET) y \u00c1rea Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias Bioqu\u00edmicas y Farmac\u00e9uticas UNR Rosario, Santa Fe Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Kjelland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conservation, Genetics &amp; Biotech LLC Vicksburg Mississippi"},{"name":"Mayville State University Mayville North Dakota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2368-7039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis B.","family":"Ferr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Tecnolog\u00eda Agropecuaria Tres Arroyos, Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.112.016535"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.13017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(49)92025-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Survival of bull spermatozoa frozen and thawed by different methods in plastic straws. 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