{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T05:15:02Z","timestamp":1778822102609,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,14]],"date-time":"2019-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005388","name":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Costa Rica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005388","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006473","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia Tecnolog\u00eda y Telecomunicaciones","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006473","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reprod Domestic Animals"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Contents<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dogs have undergone an intensive artificial selection process ever since the beginning of their relationship with humans. As a consequence, a wide variety of well\u2010defined breeds exist today. Due to the enormous variation in dog phenotypes and the unlikely chance of gene exchange between them, the question arises as to whether they should still be regarded as a single species or, perhaps, they be considered as different taxa that possess different reproductive traits. The aim of this study was therefore to characterize some male reproductive traits, focusing on kinematic characteristics of dog spermatozoa from several breeds. Thirty\u2010seven dogs from the following breeds were used: Staffordshire Bull Terrier, Labrador Retriever, Spanish Mastiff, Valencian Rat Hunting Dog, British Bulldog and Chihuahua. Semen samples were obtained via manual stimulation and diluted to a final sperm concentration of 50\u00a0million\/ml, and they were subsequently analysed by the computer assisted semen analysis (CASA\u2010Mot) ISAS<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>v1 system. Eight kinematic parameters were evaluated automatically. All parameters showed significant different values among breeds and among individuals within each breed. The fastest sperm cells were those of Staffordshire Bull Terriers and the slowest were recorded in Chihuahuas. The intra\u2010male coefficient of variation (CV) was higher than the inter\u2010male CV for all breeds with the Staffordshire Bull Terrier showing the lowest values. When taking into consideration the cells by animal and breed, discriminant analyses showed a high capability to predict the breed. Cluster analyses showed a hierarchical classification very close to that obtained after phylogenetic studies with genome markers. In conclusion, future workers on dog spermatozoa should bear in mind major differences between breeds and realize that results cannot be extrapolated from one to another. Because sperm characteristics are associated with breed diversity, dogs may represent a good model to examine changes in reproductive parameters associated with selection processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.13420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,26]],"date-time":"2019-02-26T04:55:52Z","timestamp":1551156952000},"page":"795-803","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Dog sperm swimming parameters analysed by computer\u2010assisted semen analysis of motility reveal major breed differences"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3191-6965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony","family":"Valverde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agronomy Costa Rica Institute of Technology Alajuela Costa Rica"},{"name":"Department of Cellular Biology, Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology University of Valencia Burjassot Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Arnau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular Biology, Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology University of Valencia Burjassot Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Almudena","family":"Garc\u00eda\u2010Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R+D Department Proiser R+D, S.L. 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University of Valencia Paterna Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcos","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery University Cardenal\u2010Herrera\u2010CEU Valencia Spain"},{"name":"Global Veterinaria (Reprovalcan) Val\u00e8ncia Spain"},{"name":"Cl\u00ednica Veterinaria Sang\u00fceso Val\u00e8ncia Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduardo Ra\u00fal S.","family":"Rold\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC) Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9809-2596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carles","family":"Soler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular Biology, Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology University of Valencia Burjassot Spain"},{"name":"R+D Department Proiser R+D, S.L. University of Valencia Paterna Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-15-293"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.2006.00173.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/RD17551"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0750153"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2016.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asd.2013.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","volume-title":"Primate sexuality: Comparative studies of the prosimians, monkeys, apes and human beings","author":"Dixson A. 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