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The ideal methodology (frozen\u2010thawed semen\/vaginal route) is unfeasible under field conditions due to the cervix morphology of the ewe, which prevents the process of intrauterine insemination necessary to obtain acceptable results. Currently, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OAI<\/jats:styled-content> commercial programmes use superficial cervical insemination, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAI<\/jats:styled-content> (vaginal), with chilled semen (15\u00b0C) and intrauterine insemination, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LAI<\/jats:styled-content> (laparoscopic), with frozen\u2010thawed semen. The ability to improve upon these contrasting techniques may be derived from examining certain poorly studied factors such as insemination time, productive state of females and alternatives of seminal preservation, some of which we reviewed in this work. This interim solution will remain in use until <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AI<\/jats:styled-content> by the vaginal route with frozen\u2010thawed semen is developed, but it poses new challenges in optimizing the freezing of the sperm and adapting the cervical (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAI<\/jats:styled-content>) and\/or transcervical intrauterine <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AI<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TCAI<\/jats:styled-content>). In this review, we address the current problems and evaluate their methodological (mechanical) and chemical (dilation) alternatives. Currently, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TCAI<\/jats:styled-content> is a methodologically complex technique with poor fertility results, so further studies are needed to improve the logistics of this procedure and the results of its application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.13523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,18]],"date-time":"2019-10-18T00:37:36Z","timestamp":1571359056000},"page":"32-40","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Current challenges in sheep artificial insemination: A particular insight"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Mercedes","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproduction and Obstetrics Department of Medicine, Surgery and Veterinary Anatomy University of Leon  Leon 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