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To understand mechanisms involved in attracting male interest, we examined c\u2010Fos (nuclear activation), ELOVL5 (enzyme involved in pheromone synthesis) and oestradiol receptors (ER) using immunohistochemistry on ewe vulval tissue at 0, 31 and 40\u00a0hr in the ovarian follicular phase with or without exposure to LPS at 28\u00a0hr (5 groups of 4 ewes per group). While there was intense staining for immunoreactive (IR)\u2010c\u2010Fos and IR\u2010ELOVL5 in the vulval epithelium and sebaceous glands, there were no differences in intensity between groups of ewes. The absence of IR\u2010ER staining in vulval epithelium and sebaceous\/sweat glands was unexpected. Differences in ram behaviour towards ewes in the ovarian follicular phase and after LPS treatment do not appear to involve <jats:italic>quantitative<\/jats:italic> changes in vulval c\u2010Fos, ELOVL5 or ER, but subtle <jats:italic>qualitative<\/jats:italic> differences in individual\u2010specific compounds (attraction pheromones) remain an option.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.13594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,25]],"date-time":"2019-11-25T16:49:10Z","timestamp":1574700550000},"page":"137-145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Immunolocalization of c\u2010Fos, ELOVL5 and oestradiol in the ewe vulva in relation to oestrus behaviour after treatment with lipopolysaccharide"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2253-4874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hilary","family":"Dobson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leahurst Campus Institute of Veterinary Science University of Liverpool Neston UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Tilston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leahurst Campus Institute of Veterinary Science University of Liverpool Neston UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Ressel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leahurst Campus Institute of Veterinary Science University of Liverpool Neston UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"153","article-title":"A quantitative morphological examination of bovine vulval skin glands","volume":"155","author":"Blazquez N. 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