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Given the current popularity of bovine in vitro embryo production (IVP), there is a demand for a highly efficient ultra\u2010low temperature storage method in order to maximize donor ovum pickup (OPU) turn\u2010over, recipient availability\/utilization and domestic\/overseas commercial trading opportunities. However, IVP bovine embryos are still very sensitive to chilling and cryopreservation, and despite recent progress, a convenient (simple and robust) protocol has not yet been developed. At the moment, there are two methods for bovine IVP embryo cryopreservation: slow programmable freezing and vitrification. Both of the aforementioned techniques have pros and cons. While controlled\u2010rate slow cooling can easily be adapted for direct transfer (DT), ice crystal formation remains an issue. On the other hand, vitrification solved this problem but the possibility of successful DT commercial incorporation remains to be determined. Moreover, simplification of the vitrification protocol (including warming) through the use of an in\u2010straw dilution without the use of a microscope is a prerequisite for its use under farm conditions. This review summarizes the bovine IVP embryo cryopreservation achievements, strengths and limitations of both freezing systems and prospective improvements to enhance cryosurvival, as well as perspectives on future directions of this assisted reproductive technology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.13667","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,7]],"date-time":"2020-03-07T12:35:02Z","timestamp":1583584502000},"page":"659-676","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Recent progress in bovine in vitro\u2010derived embryo cryotolerance: Impact of in vitro culture systems, advances in cryopreservation and future considerations"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2368-7039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis B.","family":"Ferr\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA) Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Kjelland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conservation, Genetics &amp; Biotech, LLC Valley City ND USA"},{"name":"Mayville State University Mayville ND USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Taiyeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conservation, Genetics &amp; Biotech, LLC Valley City ND USA"},{"name":"Barz IVF Center for Embryo Research and Infertility Treatment Kurdistan Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3223-8059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Campos\u2010Chillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Science Department California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3972-3754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo J.","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science University of California Davis CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004290050249"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.1131"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2007.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(98)00121-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deq246"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod66.4.901"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Continuous ultra micro\u2010drop culture yields higher pregnancy and implantation rates than either large\u2010drop culture or fresh\u2010medium replacement","volume":"7","author":"Ali J.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Embryology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(02)74086-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"418","article-title":"What is new in the cryopreservation of embryos","volume":"12","author":"Almi\u00f1ana C.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Animal Reproduction"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(99)75487-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"116","article-title":"In vitro survival of in vitro\u2010produced bovine embryos cryopreserved by slow freezing, fast freezing and vitrification","volume":"5","author":"Assump\u00e7\u00e3o M. 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