{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T01:57:13Z","timestamp":1747187833283,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,19]],"date-time":"2020-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595116800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reprod Domestic Animals"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reproduction in swine is mostly carried out through artificial insemination (AI). For this purpose, AI studs collect the ejaculates, analyse the sperm quality, dilute and package to produce seminal doses and ship them to sow farms to carry out the AI. Temperature is controlled during the process to avoid sperm damage. Semen is diluted in the extender in a one\u2010step or a two\u2010step process where the second can be isothermic (approximately 32\u00b0C) or hypothermic (room temperature 21\u201322\u00b0C). Both techniques are currently performed, and the latter could reduce time and costs, but the literature available comparing the processes is scarce and presents discrepancies. To date, there are no studies about its impact in fertility. This study compared hypothermic two\u2010step dilution (HTSD) and isothermic two\u2010step dilution (ITSD) in laboratory and field trial to elucidate whether HTSD has any effect. Ejaculates from 72 boars in nine AI studs were split and processed with both techniques using a high\u2010performance extender and evaluated in laboratory. Four farms inseminated 345 sows with samples of four of these AI studs, and their fertility and prolificacy were registered. Results show no significant differences between doses prepared by HTSD and ITSD technique, having no impact in laboratory results (percentage of motile sperm, short hypoosmotic swelling test (sHOST) and short osmotic resistance test (sORT), viable sperm, damaged acrosomes, sperm under early apoptosis, high mitochondrial membrane potential (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a0.1), fertility (92.2% versus 94.1%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.45) or farrowing rate (15.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.3 versus 16.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.3 <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.46). In conclusion, our results suggest that HTSD of semen on extender could be safely implemented in AI studs under the conditions tested.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.13763","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]],"date-time":"2020-07-02T12:49:00Z","timestamp":1593694140000},"page":"1202-1209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Insemination of sows with seminal doses prepared by a two\u2010step hypothermic dilution does not impair the reproductive performance at farm"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7758-3334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Soler\u2010Llorens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Magapor SL Zaragoza Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noelia","family":"Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Magapor SL Zaragoza Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joaqu\u00edn","family":"Miguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Magapor SL Zaragoza Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Victoria","family":"Falceto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Patolog\u00eda Animal, Obstetricia y reproducci\u00f3n Facultad de Veterinaria Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Mitjana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Patolog\u00eda Animal, Obstetricia y reproducci\u00f3n Facultad de Veterinaria Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Ausejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Magapor SL Zaragoza Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"903","article-title":"Impact of isothermic and bithermic dilution on quality of chilled boar sperm","volume":"12","author":"Almeida M. 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