{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T01:49:23Z","timestamp":1764812963064,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]],"date-time":"2021-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reprod Domestic Animals"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ziwuling black goats are typically found in loess plateaus regions and the Ziwuling Nature Reserve. Cryptorchidism is a common disease in this inbred goat, and its pathogenesis has been linked with the expression of insulin\u2010like factor 3 (INSL\u20103). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate anatomical alterations caused by cryptorchism and the expression and distribution of INSL\u20103 in normal and cryptorchid testicular tissues. The testicular tissues of 6\u2010month\u2010old Ziwuling black goats were collected for microscopic analyses using histochemical, immunohistochemical, immunofluorescence and biometrical methods, as well as Western blotting to compare the expression and distribution of INSL\u20103. A lower expression of INSL\u20103 was observed in cryptorchid compared with normal testicular tissues (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.01). Cryptorchidism caused a significant reduction in layers of spermatogenic epithelium and tubule areas in Ziwuling black goat (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.01). The interstitial to seminiferous tubule area ratio was larger in cryptorchid than in normal group. Periodic Acid\u2010Schiff (PAS) staining revealed pronounced positive bands in the interstitial tissue, while positive Alcian blue (AB) staining was not clear, and AB\u2010PAS staining revealed a positive red band in the basement membrane of cryptorchid group. Immunofluorescence revealed a strong signal of INSL\u20103 expression in Sertoli and peritubular myoid cells, and moderate signal in Leydig and spermatogenic cells in the normal group. However, in cryptorchid testicular tissues, the signal of INSL\u20103 expression was strong in primary spermatocytes, occasional in Sertoli cells, limited in Leydig cells and absent in peritubular myoid cells. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry showed that INSL\u20103 expression was higher in normal testes compared with cryptorchid testicular tissues (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05), especially in primary spermatocytes and Sertoli cells. Collectively, our results indicate that cryptorchidism is closely related to the disorder of acid glycoprotein metabolism and the reduction in release of INSL\u20103 from Leydig cells. Moreover, Sertoli and peritubular myoid cells are crucial for INSL signalling and could underpin further research on the mechanism of cryptorchidism in animal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.13911","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,6]],"date-time":"2021-02-06T10:24:27Z","timestamp":1612607067000},"page":"725-735","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["INSL\u20103 protein expression in normal and cryptorchid testes of Ziwuling black goats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8386-0262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ligang","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9503-3718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qianmei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chengye","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dapeng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2007.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2014.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11302-007-9069-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-06-0272"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-13-0486"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micron.2008.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.1994.1121"},{"volume-title":"A Handbook of Histopathological and Histochemical Techniques","year":"1974","author":"Culling C. 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