{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T01:58:11Z","timestamp":1747187891703,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]],"date-time":"2022-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reprod Domestic Animals"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study sought to intensify oestrus symptoms in heat\u2010stressed pre\u2010pubertal Murrah buffalo heifers. The first experiment aimed at lowering the blood cortisol level. Twenty pre\u2010pubertal buffalo heifers approximately 36\u201340\u00a0months of age were randomly allocated to four groups of five buffaloes. Group Gly received 100\u2009ml glycerol orally for 8\u2009days (day 0 is the start of treatments), group Gly\u2010E received intra\u2010muscular injections of 500\u2009mg tocopherol (vitamin E activity) and 150\u2009mg sodium selenite on alternate days (four treatments) in addition to treatments received by group Gly, group Gly\u2010E\u2009+\u2009B\u2010Ch received intra\u2010muscular injections of vitamin B\u2010complex and choline daily for 8\u2009days in addition to the treatments received by group Gly\u2010E. The control group Co\u20101 did not received any treatments. Blood cortisol and glucose level was measured on day 7 post\u2010treatment. The second experiment sought to test the effect of lowering the blood cortisol level and progesterone priming on the intensity of oestrus symptoms in heat\u2010stressed pre\u2010pubertal buffalo heifers. Eighty buffaloes were allocated into four groups of twenty buffaloes. P4 group received intra\u2010vaginal progesterone CIDR for 5\u2009days (day 0 is the day of start of treatment). Gly\u2010E group received the same treatment as in the first experiment for 7\u2009days (day 0\u20136) and P4\u2009+\u2009Gly\u2010E received the combination of P4 and Gly\u2010E groups. The control group Co\u20102 did not receive any treatments; however, on day 6, all groups received intra\u2010muscular injection of 2\u00a0mg estradiol benzoate. The buffaloes were graded for oestrus symptoms on the basis of mucus discharge (A\u2010scanty and B\u2010copious), vulvar redness (slightly pink and moist\u2010A and deep red and moist\u2010B), ferning (nil or poor\u2010A and good with arborization\u2010B) and cellularity of cervical mucus (Type A goblet cells with round nucleus and abundant cytoplasm and Type B goblet cells with cylindrical nucleus and scanty cytoplasm). The blood glucose level (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SEM) of Gly group on day 7 of treatment in experiment 1 was 58.3\u2009\u00b1\u20090.4\u00a0mg\/dl that was significantly greater than Co\u20101 (52.4\u2009\u00b1\u20090.4\u00a0mg\/dl), Gly\u2010E (53.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8\u00a0mg\/dl) and Gly\u2010E\u2009+\u2009B\u2010Ch (52.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6\u00a0mg\/dl) groups; however, the difference was found to be non\u2010significant among Co\u20101, Gly\u2010E and Gly\u2010E\u2009+\u2009B\u2010Ch groups. The cortisol level (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SEM) on day 7 in groups Gly (11.4\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6\u00a0ng\/ml), Gly\u2010E (8.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5\u00a0ng\/ml) and Gly\u2010E\u2009+\u2009B\u2010Ch (7.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.4\u00a0ng\/ml) was significantly lower than groups Co\u20101 (15.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3\u00a0ng\/ml), though the difference between groups Gly\u2010E and Gly\u2010E\u2009+\u2009B\u2010Ch was non\u2010significant and the level in group Gly\u2010E significantly lower than Gly. Thus, the combination of vitamin E and selenium along with glycerol had the best effect in the reduction of blood cortisol level in heat\u2010stressed buffaloes. In the second experiment the blood estradiol level on day 7 in all groups was around 40\u2009pg\/ml. Cortisol reduction (group Gly\u2010E) improved oestrus symptoms (mucus discharge and ferning) compared to control, but when compared to group P4 showed non\u2010significant difference with respect to mucus discharge, vulvar redness and ferning of cervical mucus. However, when cortisol reduction treatments were combined with progesterone priming (group P4\u2009+\u2009Gly\u2010E) oestrus symptoms were improved with respect to mucus discharge and ferning thus, combination treatment had synergistic effect. This effect was also observed with cellularity of cervical mucus, where combination treatment group P4\u2009+\u2009Gly\u2010E produced cervical mucus with significantly lower percentage of Type B cells compared to group P4 and group Gly\u2010E. Thus, administration glycerol and vitamin E selenium combination reduces blood cortisol level and along with progesterone priming can be effective to improve the oestrus symptoms of buffaloes during the hot summer months.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.14218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,30]],"date-time":"2022-07-30T20:54:49Z","timestamp":1659214489000},"page":"1418-1427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of lowering blood cortisol level along with progesterone priming on intensifying the secondary symptoms of oestrus in Murrah buffaloes during the hot summer months"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4240-3492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dipyaman","family":"Sengupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics Bihar Veterinary College  Patna India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bhawesh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics Bihar Veterinary College  Patna India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/49.4.631"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022\u20100302(94)77216\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022\u20100302(89)79413\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031\u20109384(84)90031\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2013\u20107405"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022\u20100302(02)74296\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0960\u20100760(93)90345\u2010W"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102826.1994.tb00590.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2005.7.1553"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"449","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 13th Associazione Scientifica Produzioni Animali Congress","author":"Calamari L.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo\u2010103\u20103\u2010716"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.140.1.6444"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","first-page":"225","volume-title":"Proceedings of Second World Buffalo Congress, Vol. II, Part I","author":"Chaudhry R. 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