{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T06:12:38Z","timestamp":1790143958152,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reprod Domestic Animals"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objectives of the experiment were to determine the effect of two doses of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) in a standard synchronization protocol based on a short\u2010term progesterone (P<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>) priming on ovarian structures and haemodynamics, concentrations of steroid hormones and prolificacy rate when oestrus was induced during low\u2010breeding season (LBS) in Beetal dairy goats. We hypothesized that inclusion of eCG in a short\u2010term P<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> priming\u2010based synchronization protocol would increase the blood perfusion to ovarian structures leading to enhance oestrous and ovulatory responses and prolificacy rate in goats. Forty\u2010two multiparous acyclic goats were blocked by body condition and, within block, assigned randomly to receive saline as control (CON), low eCG (L\u2010eCG; 300\u2009IU) or high eCG (H\u2010eCG; 600\u2009IU) dose. Initially, a controlled internal drug release (CIDR) device was placed in the anterior vagina on d \u22128, followed by removal of CIDR on d \u22123, concurrent with the administration of PGF<jats:sub>2\u03b1<\/jats:sub> and eCG according to their respective treatments. Goats were monitored for oestrous response. B\u2010mode and Doppler ultrasonography was performed with 12\u2010h interval, starting from day \u22123 until natural breeding (day 0), and then on days 5, 10, 15 and 20 post\u2010breeding to monitor follicular and luteal dynamics and blood flow, respectively. Blood was sampled at 0, 12, 24, 36 and 60\u2009h after CIDR removal to quantify plasma concentrations of estradiol\u201017\u03b2 (E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), whereas plasma concentrations of P<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> were assayed at days 5, 10, 15 and 20 after breeding. Pregnancy and prolificacy rates were determined at day 30 and 150 after breeding, respectively. Data were analysed with mixed\u2010effects models, and orthogonal contrasts were used to evaluate the effect of treatment [Con vs. (\u00bd\u00a0L\u2010eCG\u2009+\u2009\u00bd H\u2010eCG)] and dose of eCG (L\u2010eCG vs. H\u2010eCG). Data are presented in sequence as CON, L\u2010eCG, H\u2010eCG (LSM\u2009\u00b1\u2009SEM). The oestrous intensity score (152.9 vs. 182.7 vs. 186.5\u2009\u00b1\u200915.1; <jats:italic>p\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u00a0.02) was greater in eCG\u2010treated goats as compared to CON. Administration of eCG reduced the intervals to standing oestrus (66.2 vs. 41.8 vs. 48.9\u2009h\u2009\u00b1\u20095.5; <jats:italic>p\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u00a0.05), breeding (70.2 vs. 44.4 vs. 45.4\u2009h\u2009\u00b1\u20094.5; <jats:italic>p\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u00a0.03) and ovulation (84.5 vs. 61.2 vs. 63.4\u2009h\u2009\u00b1\u20096.2; <jats:italic>p\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u00a0.05) compared with CON goats. The mean growth rate of pre\u2010ovulatory follicle was greater (1.11 vs. 1.49 vs. 1.45\u2009mm\u2009\u00b1\u20090.08; <jats:italic>p\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u00a0.01) in eCG\u2010treated goats resulting in an increased diameter of pre\u2010ovulatory follicle (6.27 vs. 7.20 vs. 7.31\u2009mm\u2009\u00b1\u20090.07; <jats:italic>p\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic>\u00a0.01) and corpora lutea (6.75 vs. 8.26 vs. 8.07\u2009mm\u2009\u00b1\u20090.42; <jats:italic>p\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u00a0.04) than CON. The mean follicular blood flow did not differ among treatments; however, the mean luteal blood flow was greater in L\u2010eCG\u2010treated goats (0.81 vs. 1.61 vs. 1.07\u2009cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009\u00b1\u20090.12; <jats:italic>p\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u00a0.001). The mean concentrations of E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (4.03 vs. 5.21 vs. 4.78\u2009pg\/ml\u2009\u00b1\u20090.42; <jats:italic>p\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u00a0.04) and P<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> (4.85 vs. 6.39 vs. 6.22\u2009ng\/ml\u2009\u00b1\u20090.34; <jats:italic>p\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u00a0.04) were greater in eCG\u2010treated goats. The twinning rate did not differ between treatments; nevertheless, prolificacy rate was greater (<jats:italic>p\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u00a0.04) in L\u2010eCG\u2010treated goats. Collectively, our data suggest that the administration of eCG improves the induction of oestrous and ovarian dynamics. Administration of L\u2010eCG enhances prolificacy rate, therefore, a low dose of eCG might be practically beneficial to improve reproduction during LBS in acyclic Beetal dairy goats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.14257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]],"date-time":"2022-09-14T11:44:43Z","timestamp":1663155883000},"page":"48-59","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effect of <scp>eCG<\/scp> dose on ovarian haemodynamics, hormonal profiles and prolificacy rate when oestrus was induced during low\u2010breeding season in Beetal goats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Babar","family":"Sharif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences  Lahore 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