{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:20:44Z","timestamp":1787016044138,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/CVT\/00772\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/CVT\/00772\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0059\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0059\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reprod Domestic Animals"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Vaginal cytology (VC) is an essential technique for monitoring the bitch's estrus cycle. Currently, animal\u2010free teaching methodologies have not been investigated for VC. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate an immersive simulation with a VC model and augmented reality tools. Students (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009219) from four universities were enrolled, having learning stations with models for practising VC that provided immediate feedback on the technique. Augmented reality tools comprised QR codes that endorsed students to short videos of owners' avatars reporting the clinical reproductive story of the simulated animals and slides with QR codes leading to microscopy slide navigation videos. Proestrus, estrus, diestrus, anestrus and vaginitis were identified in the learning stations. The students' perceptions were evaluated through questionnaires assessing satisfaction, motivation, confidence, impact on learning and diagnostic accuracy. Before the immersive simulation, students had no experience with VC, being afraid of doing a VC with a live dog. Almost all the students considered practicing VC as essential and 94% reported that repeating the procedure (&gt;2 times) was the most important parameter for learning. The simulation activity lasted \u22483\u2009h and significantly improved the confidence of students, being less afraid of doing a VC in a live animal. Slide navigation videos improved the diagnostic accuracy of the estrus cycle stage, and students diagnosed the estrus and vaginitis cases more accurately. The immersive simulation strategy allowed repeated practice in a safe, motivated and standardized environment, being appraised by students as an essential strategy for learning VC.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.14431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T02:38:04Z","timestamp":1689820684000},"page":"1279-1288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["An immersive simulation strategy to teach canine vaginal cytology: A multi\u2010centre study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5502-5991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Marcos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cytology and Hematology Diagnostic Services, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS) University of Porto  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9595-2500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cytology and Hematology Diagnostic Services, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS) University of Porto  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00f3nia","family":"Macedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Universit\u00e1ria Vasco da Gama  Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Mateus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA \u2010Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Lisbon  Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS)  Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9566-3100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Martins\u2010Bessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS)  Portugal"},{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV) Universidade de Tr\u00e1s os Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD)  Vila Real Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gra\u00e7a","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS) University of Porto  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.13352"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"224","article-title":"Utilization of simulators in veterinary training","volume":"15","author":"Baillie S.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cattle Practice"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/jvme.32.1.79"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02611929221098138"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-53314-0.00025-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"Determining canine estrus stage via vaginal cytology","volume":"13","author":"Davidson A. 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