{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T21:03:46Z","timestamp":1779311026500,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reprod Domestic Animals"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study was to determine the clinical applicability of maternal intrapelvic area (PA) and selected morphometric parameters that can be measured before parturition in predicting dystocia in dairy heifers. The measurements were performed in 374 late\u2010gestation Holstein\u2010Friesian heifers. Inner pelvic height and width were measured using a pelvimeter, and PA was calculated. The heifers were monitored continuously around the time of calving, and calving difficulty was categorized as: unassisted calving (UC), slight assistance (SA), considerable difficulty (CD) and veterinary assistance (VA). Calving performance was analysed with the <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> test, and the effect of body dimensions on the course of parturition was evaluated by one\u2010way analysis of variance. Dystocia (CD\u2009+\u2009VA) was predicted with the use of the classification tree method. Dystocia accounted for 29.14% of all deliveries. The percentages of stillbirths and retained placenta increased (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01) with increasing calving difficulty. Average PA immediately before parturition was smaller (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01) in group VA (223.2\u2009cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) than in group UC (253.3\u2009cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>). According to the classification tree, dystocia may occur (74.07% odds) in heifers with PA\u2009&lt;\u2009254.2\u2009cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> and a rump angle &lt;5.68\u00b0 before parturition. Measurements of heifer's cannon circumference and sire's body size improve the accuracy of dystocia prediction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.14506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T11:29:06Z","timestamp":1699874946000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Clinical applicability of external and internal body dimensions in predicting dystocia in late\u2010gestation <scp>Holstein\u2010Friesian<\/scp> heifers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2098-6105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zenon","family":"Nogalski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition, Feed Sciences and Cattle Breeding, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn  Olsztyn Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8298-2316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dariusz","family":"Piwczy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology  Bydgoszcz Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3065-0421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Nogalska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Protection University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn  Olsztyn Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0244825"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2007\u20100023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2006\u2010504"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/1997.7561452x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"What is the optimal rump angle for the dairy cow?","volume":"11","author":"De Jong G.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Veepro Magazine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022\u20100302(89)79081\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250\u2010010\u20109682\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2008.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2015.08.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022\u20100302(96)76575\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2013\u20106967"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022\u20100302(03)73981\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009\u20102992"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439\u20100531.2011.01881.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2013.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","first-page":"51","article-title":"Relations between the course of parturition, body weights and measurements of Holstein\u2010Friesian calves","volume":"48","author":"Nogalski Z.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Czech Journal of Animal Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","first-page":"507","article-title":"Pelvic parameters in Holstein\u2010Friesian and Jersey heifers in relation to their calving","volume":"32","author":"Nogalski Z.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pakistan Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2011.11084"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2754\/avb201281040359"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2013.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/aab\u201055\u2010332\u20102012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","unstructured":"Polish Federation of Cattle Breeders and Dairy Farmers in 2022. 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