{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:21:19Z","timestamp":1787314879934,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]],"date-time":"2024-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reprod Domestic Animals"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The anti\u2010M\u00fcllerian hormone (AMH) indicates ovarian reserve in cattle, maintaining a consistent trajectory post\u2010puberty. In heterosexual pregnancies, the development of the M\u00fcllerian duct in female foetuses is inhibited, resulting in an anticipated minimal or absent ovarian reserve capacity. This investigation aimed to compare AMH levels in healthy Holstein heifers that had reached puberty with those of freemartin animals of the same breed and age. The study incorporated Holstein heifers reaching puberty between 11 and 15\u2009months of age in Group 1 (G1,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200920) and freemartin animals in Group 2 (G2,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200919, 16). AMH measurements (AMH\u20101\/AMH\u20102) were recorded at 12\u2010day intervals for the study participants. Notably, AMH levels in three freemartin animals could not be detected, prompting statistical analysis based on measurements from the remaining 16 freemartin animals in G2. A statistically significant correlation was observed between two separate measurements in G1 and G2 (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Furthermore, AMH\u20101 and AMH\u20102 levels were statistically higher in G1 than in G2 (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). In G1, AMH\u20101 levels ranged from 227 to 677\u2009pg\/mL, with an average of 367.3\u2009\u00b1\u200925.5\u2009pg\/mL, and AMH\u20102 levels ranged from 234 to 645\u2009pg\/mL, with an average of 380.8\u2009\u00b1\u200924.4\u2009pg\/mL. Conversely, in G2, AMH\u20101 levels ranged from 10 to 72\u2009pg\/mL, with an average of 26.8\u2009\u00b1\u20094.44\u2009pg\/mL, and AMH\u20102 levels ranged from 12 to 68\u2009pg\/mL, with an average of 28.75\u2009\u00b1\u20094.18\u2009pg\/mL. The mean AMH levels in G1 were approximately 14 times higher than in G2 (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Consequently, ROC analysis utilizing AMH\u20101 and AMH\u20102 data established cut\u2010off values of \u226472 and\u2009\u2264\u200968\u2009pg\/mL respectively for distinguishing freemartin animals. In conclusion, AMH could be used as a reliable biomarker for identifying Holstein freemartin animals.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.14542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]],"date-time":"2024-02-17T03:10:00Z","timestamp":1708139400000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Anti\u2010M\u00fcllerian hormone: A novel biomarker for detecting bovine freemartinism"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7962-6959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davut","family":"Koca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Van Yuzuncu Yil University  Van Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yavuz","family":"Nak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Bursa Uludag University  Bursa Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0491-1800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sait","family":"Sendag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Van Yuzuncu Yil University  Van Turkey"},{"name":"Veterinary Clinic for Reproductive Medicine and Neonatology Justus\u2010Liebig\u2010University  Giessen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deniz","family":"Nak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Bursa Uludag University  Bursa Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6863-0939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali Osman","family":"Turgut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Siirt University  Siirt Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Talha","family":"Avc\u0131lar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Bursa Uludag University  Bursa Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeynep Merve","family":"Ekici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Bursa Uludag University  Bursa Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nebi","family":"Cetin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Van Yuzuncu Yil University  Van Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kemal","family":"Bagci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction and 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