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Antimicrobial susceptibility test and detection of virulence genes were performed <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>E.\u2009coli<\/jats:italic>) detected in uterine swab samples. Animals were divided into two groups based on the presence (VF+, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>:14) or absence (VF\u2212, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>:7) of the virulence factor genes <jats:italic>papG, cnf1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>hylA<\/jats:italic>. Blood and tissue glutathione peroxidase activity, uterine histopathologic analysis and <jats:italic>AQP3, ESR1, PGR, OXTR<\/jats:italic> gene expressions were determined in both groups<jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic> Statistical analyses were performed using Stata version 15.1. All <jats:italic>E.\u2009coli<\/jats:italic> isolates were susceptible to amikacin, whereas resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin\/clavulanic acid and lincomycin. None of the isolates were susceptible to cefotaxime. <jats:italic>E.\u2009coli<\/jats:italic> isolates had at least one virulence gene. The most prevalent gene was <jats:italic>fimH<\/jats:italic> (100%), followed by <jats:italic>fyuA (95.8%)<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>usp<\/jats:italic> (83.3%), <jats:italic>sfa<\/jats:italic> (75%), <jats:italic>cnf1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>hlyA<\/jats:italic> (70.8%) genes. Blood GPx activity was greater in VF+ animals. On the other hand, uterine tissue GPx activity was lower in VF+ group compared to the control group. Expression levels of <jats:italic>AQP3<\/jats:italic> were upregulated more than fivefold in VF\u2010dogs compared to the control group. In addition, <jats:italic>AQP3<\/jats:italic> expression levels were found approximately threefold higher in VF (\u2212) than VF (+) group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Varying degree of inflammation noted for all animals with pyometra, but the presence of bacteria noted only in VF+ animals. In conclusion, the presence of virulence factor genes does not play a role in the histopathological degree of inflammation, the presence of bacteria was found to vary. Serum GPx activity increased in VF+ animals. While the hormone receptor expressions were similar, AQP expression was upregulated in the absence of virulence factor genes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.14615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T07:24:23Z","timestamp":1716794663000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The presence of virulence factor genes downregulates uterine <i>AQP3<\/i> and alters glutathione peroxidase activity and uterine histopathology in canine pyometra"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0039-5597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murat Onur","family":"Yazl\u0131k","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ankara University  Ankara 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