{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:43:32Z","timestamp":1753879412530,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,23]],"date-time":"2024-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reprod Domestic Animals"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Artificial insemination (AI) centres select bulls as calves according to their genetic breeding values and raise them until the first semen collection; yet, a high dropout rate of reared bulls is a problem for AI centres. Potential hormonal indicators of bull sexual maturation (cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), testosterone, oestradiol, insulin\u2010like growth factor 1 (IGF\u20101)) were observed and evaluated in relation to the performance parameters to perhaps identify candidate biomarkers allowing an early selection of bulls as suitable sires. Blood samples from 102 German Holstein calves at 4\u2009\u00b1\u20091, 8\u2009\u00b1\u20091 and 12\u2009\u00b1\u20092 months of age from six AI centres were analysed using validated immunoassays for cortisol, DHEA, testosterone, oestradiol and IGF\u20101. Semen analyses included native and thawed diluted semen. Bulls were classified at the first semen collection into groups with good versus poor performance (GP vs. LP). After 2\u2009years, the subsequent differentiation was done in high (HPP), medium (MPP) and low performance persistency (LPP). Age at first semen collection was an important factor for sperm quality. Cortisol concentrations decreased with age, but the cortisol\/DHEA ratio decreased with age only in GP bulls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Oestradiol and testosterone concentrations both correlated with libido behaviour (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Testosterone and IGF\u20101 concentrations were higher at the time of first semen collection in GP bulls and increased with age (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). In conclusion, testosterone and IGF\u20101 concentrations at first semen collection are associated with performance at first semen collection and future performance persistency, and might be useful early biomarkers for consistent sperm producing bulls on AI centres.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.14646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T06:59:45Z","timestamp":1719212385000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of hormones as candidate early biomarkers of Holstein bull performance around the first semen collection at artificial insemination centres"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1885-523X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ina","family":"Leiter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Cattle University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Mittmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Cattle University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie\u2010Kristin","family":"Schaper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Cattle University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7932-9412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Schulze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Reproduction of Farm Animals Sch\u00f6now  Bernau Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7218-293X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marion","family":"Schmicke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Cattle University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2006.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2016.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119602484.ch6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2006.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2007\u20100762"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801278"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1083469"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2014\u20108564"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.688367"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2005.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2020.106581"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439\u20100396.2009.00970.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731119003148"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2015\u20108952"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477\u20107827\u20101\u201052"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006\u20102952(99)00385\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.09\u20100441"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749\u20106632.2000.tb05428.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2019.106388"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731118000514"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0901176106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe\u201007\u20100226"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/sky130"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","first-page":"109","article-title":"The effect of dystocia on physiological and behavioral characteristics related to vitality and passive transfer of immunoglobulins in newborn Holstein calves","volume":"79","author":"Murray C. 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