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Reproduction biology and management in mammal species is not only challenging in regards to their diverging sizes, anatomy, and often unknown physiology; it also requires customized training or chemical restraint protocols for safe handling. Besides these general challenges, there are several new assisted reproduction techniques (ART) specifically tailored to critically endangered mammals. The current portfolio of ART in these mammalian taxa is ranging from sexual cycle characterization and manipulation, semen collection and cryopreservation, artificial insemination, biobanking of living cells, oocyte collection, in\u00a0vitro fertilization (IVF), and embryo production, embryo transfer as well as stem cell\u2010derived in\u00a0vitro gametogenesis for generating gametes in culture. 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