{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T16:04:11Z","timestamp":1776701051916,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reprod Domestic Animals"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The addition of antioxidants to cryopreservation media reportedly improves sperm post\u2010thaw quality and reproductive performance after artificial insemination. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate if the addition of L\u2010carnitine and pyruvate to freezing media, or their addition to samples after thawing, improves the post\u2010thaw quality of equine spermatozoa. Thus, in Experiment 1, stallion semen samples were cryopreserved in: (1) EDTA\u2013glucose\u2013based extender with 20% egg yolk and 5% dimethylformamide (EDTA control); (2) skim milk\u2013based extender with 20% egg yolk and 5% dimethylformamide (milk control); (3) Extender\u00a01 supplemented with 50\u2009mM L\u2010carnitine and 10\u2009mM pyruvate (EDTA\u2010carnitine\u2010pyruvate); and (4) Extender 2 supplemented with 50\u2009mM L\u2010carnitine and 10\u2009mM pyruvate (milk\u2010carnitine\u2010pyruvate). In Experiment 2, 50\u2009mM L\u2010carnitine and 10\u2009mM pyruvate were added post\u2010thaw to samples cryopreserved with extenders 1 and 2 (EDTA control and milk control). Sperm kinematic parameters, DNA fragmentation, membrane lipid peroxidation, acrosome status and viability were evaluated after thawing. No significant differences (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05) were observed for most of the kinematic parameters, DNA fragmentation, membrane lipid peroxidation, acrosome status and viability of spermatozoa, between the samples frozen in the presence or absence of L\u2010carnitine and pyruvate, nor between the samples after the post\u2010thaw addition of these components. A higher (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) mean velocity and higher (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) amplitude of lateral head displacement were observed in the samples frozen in the milk\u2010based extender with the addition of L\u2010carnitine and pyruvate after thawing. The addition of 50\u2009mM L\u2010carnitine and 10\u2009mM pyruvate, either to the freezing extenders or after thawing, was not deleterious for sperm; however, it did not improve equine sperm motility, viability, acrosome and DNA integrity, nor decrease membrane lipid peroxidation after thawing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.14720","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T06:46:32Z","timestamp":1726209992000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pre\u2010 and Post\u2010Thaw Addition of L\u2010Carnitine and Pyruvate: Effect on Stallion Sperm Parameters"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4780-600X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana","family":"Caldevilla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, INITRA, C\u00e1tedra de Teriogenolog\u00eda Universidad de Buenos Aires  Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2036-4968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Ferrante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, INITRA, C\u00e1tedra de Teriogenolog\u00eda Universidad de Buenos Aires  Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4436-8117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D\u00e9bora\u00a0M.","family":"Neild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, INITRA, C\u00e1tedra de Teriogenolog\u00eda Universidad de Buenos Aires  Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.14139"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"280","article-title":"Relationship of Seminal Free L\u2010Carnitine With Functional Spermatozoal Characteristics: Results From an Observational Study Conducted in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Karachi, Pakistan","volume":"67","author":"Ahmed S. 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