{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:47:03Z","timestamp":1790876823739,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reprod Domestic Animals"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Premature acrosomal exocytosis in cryopreserved semen is one of the reasons attributed to low fertility among livestock. In the present study, we attempted to enhance the cryopreserved semen quality by selective removal of acrosome\u2010reacted spermatozoa using FITC\u2010PNA conjugated iron magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). Further, the effect of nano purification on other sperm functional attributes was also assessed. Iron MNPs were prepared using co\u2010precipitation method and dextran\u2010coated MNPs were conjugated with FITC\u2010PNA (0.04\u2009mg\/mL). A preliminary experiment was conducted to standardise the dose of FITC\u2010PNA conjugated iron MNPs (0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6\u2009mg). Among the different doses used, 0.6\u2009mg FITC\u2010PNA conjugated iron MNPs significantly (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) removed higher acrosomal reacted spermatozoa from the semen, and therefore, this dose was used in further experiments. Cryopreserved semen from Holstein Friesian breeding bulls (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096) were thawed and washed using Sperm\u2010TALP to remove residual extender. Washed spermatozoa (2\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>) were exposed to 0.6\u2009mg of FITC\u2010PNA conjugated iron MNPs for 10\u2009min at 37\u00b0C. The nano purified semen was assessed for various vital sperm parameters viz., viability, intracellular calcium, apoptosis, mitochondrial ROS and mitochondrial membrane potential using flow cytometry. We found that nanopurification using FITC\u2010PNA conjugated iron MNPs significantly (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) improved the sperm quality. The proportion of viable non\u2010apoptotic spermatozoa with low intracellular calcium levels was significantly (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) enriched in nano purified semen. Nano purification did not affect sperm mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS production. In conclusion, these preliminary findings indicate that FITC\u2010PNA coated iron MNPs effectively removed acrosome reacted spermatozoa and significantly improved sperm functional attributes in the purified fraction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.14733","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T09:04:38Z","timestamp":1728983078000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Lectin Functionalised Iron Magnetic Nanoparticle\u2010Based Sperm Selection: A Potential Technique to Improve Bull Sperm Quality In\u00a0Vitro"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Nilendu","family":"Paul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Theriogenology Laboratory Southern Regional Station of ICAR\u2010National Dairy Research Institute  Bengaluru Karnataka 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