{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T18:27:57Z","timestamp":1781375277938,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reprod Domestic Animals"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study evaluated the effects of subclinical pregnancy toxaemia (SPT) on fetal skeletal muscle development and assessed the potential protective role of L\u2010carnitine supplementation during gestation. A total of 18 crossbred Hamdani ewes underwent oestrous synchronisation, natural mating and pregnancy confirmation via ultrasonography on day 45 post\u2010mating. The ewes were managed according to NRC (2007) dietary guidelines until day 100 of gestation, after which they were assigned to three experimental groups: subclinical PT group (group 1; G1, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096), treatment group (subclinical PT\u2009+\u2009L\u2010carnitine, group 2; G2, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096) and control group (group 3; G3, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096). Blood \u03b2\u2010hydroxybutyrate (\u03b2HBA) concentrations were measured on day 100 and 138 of the gestation. Then, all ewes were slaughtered for fetal muscle sampling from the Musculus Longissimus Dorsi (MLD) and Vastus Lateralis (VL). Results indicated a significant reduction in muscle fibre number and fibre diameter in both MLD and VL in the SPT group (G1) compared to the control (G3) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). No significant differences were observed between G1 and G2 or between G2 and G3 for these parameters (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). On the other hand, large effect sizes for group and pairwise comparisons imply that SPT may negatively affect prenatal muscle development and L\u2010carnitine supports muscle development during the prepartum period. These findings highlight the negative effects of SPT and protective effects of L\u2010carnitine supplementation on fetal skeletal muscle development in ewes with SPT. The observed deficits may negatively impact postnatal growth, survival rates and meat quality. Further investigations are warranted to optimise maternal nutrition strategies and evaluate therapeutic interventions aimed at mitigating the adverse impacts of SPT on fetal muscle development in ruminants. Furthermore, L\u2010carnitine supplementation may be a useful in compensating for the negative effects of SPT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.70088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T08:50:06Z","timestamp":1749459006000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Negative Effects of Subclinical Pregnancy Toxaemia on Fetal Skeletal Muscle Development and Evaluation of the Protective Effects of Dietary l\u2010Carnitine Supplementation in Sheep"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6863-0939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali Osman","family":"Turgut","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Science Siirt University  Siirt Turkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7821-2180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Banu","family":"Kandil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology Siirt University  Siirt Turkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4837-1858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ebru Karakaya","family":"Bilen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Cukurova University  Adana Turkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7962-6959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davut","family":"Koca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Van Yuzuncu Yil University  Van Turkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9683-7387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"\u00dcnver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Siirt University  Siirt Turkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6110-1302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatma","family":"\u0130\u015fbilir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy Siirt University  Siirt Turkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7354-0655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d6zg\u00fcr","family":"\u00d6z\u00f6ner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology Siirt University  Siirt Turkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6711-9612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahmi","family":"Do\u011fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Disease Siirt University  Siirt Turkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4481-5891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammed Furkan","family":"\u00d6nen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Science Siirt University  Siirt Turkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9471-6410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet","family":"Ero\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Science Siirt University  Siirt Turkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0491-1800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sait","family":"\u015eenda\u011f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Van Yuzuncu Yil University  Van Turkiye"},{"name":"Veterinary Clinic for Reproductive Medicine and Neonatology Justus\u2010Liebig\u2010University  Giessen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3313-4852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Axel","family":"Wehrend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Clinic for Reproductive Medicine and Neonatology Justus\u2010Liebig\u2010University  Giessen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37496\/rbz5220220114"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-023-03719-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-09-0158"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2009-2311"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"365","article-title":"L\u2010Carnitine Ameliorates Immune\u2010Metabolic Response and Improves Antioxidant Status in Goats With Pregnancy Toxemia","volume":"90","author":"El\u2010Ashker M. R.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Veterinarski Arhiv"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30539\/iraqijvm.v36i1.550"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2013.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skz388"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"49","article-title":"Ameliorating Effect of Selenium Nanoparticles and L\u2010Carnitine on Some Haemato\u2010Biochemical Parameters and Oxidative Stress Status During Pregnancy Periods in Ossimi Ewes","volume":"61","author":"Halawa E. H.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annals of Agricultural Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-022-03339-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.14731"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","first-page":"163","article-title":"The Effects of L\u2010Carnitine Administration on Energy Metabolism in Pregnant Halep (Damascus) Goats","volume":"34","author":"Ka\u00e7ar C.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30782\/jrvm.1361215"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24925\/turjaf.v11i12.2407-2410.6480"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24925\/turjaf.v11i12.2389-2392.6447"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36483\/vanvetj.1353378"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"122","article-title":"The Effect of Birth Type and Gender on Growth Performance, Live Weight Gain, Growth Pattern Modeling, and Survival Rate in Anatolian Merino Lambs","volume":"9","author":"Kuru B. B.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Advances in VetBio Science and Techniques"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2009.09.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09712119.2007.9706642"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","first-page":"149","article-title":"Effect of L\u2010Carnitine Administration on Energy Metabolism During Periparturient Period in Ewes","volume":"13","author":"Pancarc\u0131 \u015e. M.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Kafkas \u00dcniversitesi Veteriner Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-017-4051-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-15-1034"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2004.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-1891-5-43"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-6226(00)00225-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/9780851998114.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114520000811"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2020.106443"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-018-5089-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4320(02)00222-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731116000835"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","first-page":"271","article-title":"Milk Composition Traits of Hamdani Crossbreed Sheep Raised Under Extensive Management","volume":"7","author":"Turgut A. O.","year":"2023","journal-title":"ISPEC Journal of Agricultural Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31797\/vetbio.1402523"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.14589"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.14482"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70259"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-4324-2024220915"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23052717"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/2005.8381824x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731118002136"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.104.034561"}],"container-title":["Reproduction in Domestic Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/rda.70088","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T13:45:41Z","timestamp":1750945541000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/rda.70088"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/rda.70088"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/rda.70088","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0936-6768","1439-0531"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0936-6768","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0531","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70088"}}