{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T23:45:57Z","timestamp":1777419957814,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]],"date-time":"2026-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reprod Domestic Animals"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The influence of dead sperm on their healthy counterparts in bovine semen is not well established. This is particularly relevant to artificial insemination (AI), since semen handling and biotechnological procedures can increase the percentage of dead sperm. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of acrosome\u2010disrupted (sonicated) spermatozoa on the quality of neighbouring untreated viable cells after cryopreservation. Semen samples from 12 healthy Holstein bulls were diluted (80\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                    sperm\/mL) in pre\u2010warmed OptiXcell extender at 38\u00b0C. A 6\u2009mL portion of diluted semen underwent sonication, and both sonicated and untreated semen samples were mixed to produce treatment groups (TG) as: TG25%, TG50% and TG75% sonicated sperm. Control (CTRL) was not mixed with sonicated sperm. Progressive sperm motility was assessed during a thermo\u2010resistance test after 30 (on\u2010test) and 120\u2009min (off\u2010test) of incubation at 38\u00b0C. Results of delta and relative variation of progressive sperm motility showed a significant decline in the TG75% compared to the CTRL (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.013 and 0.034, respectively). Flow cytometry revealed a gradual decline in percentage of viable acrosome\u2010intact sperm with low membrane fluidity and low intracellular calcium (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). A comparable decrease was observed for percentage of viable acrosome\u2010intact sperm with high mitochondrial membrane potential (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Considering these findings, this study suggests that post\u2010sonication leakage of acrosomal\/cellular content could compromise the functionality of untreated spermatozoa, highlighting the necessity to conduct further mechanistic investigation to evaluate possible damaging pathways.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.70162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T06:05:45Z","timestamp":1767593145000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Acrosome\u2010Disrupted Dead Sperm Impact the Function of Live Bovine Spermatozoa After Cryopreservation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Sofia","family":"Marini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Reproduction of Farm Animals Sch\u00f6now  Bernau Germany"},{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Biological Sciences, Bernal Institute, Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Limerick  Limerick Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Umair","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Reproduction of Farm Animals Sch\u00f6now  Bernau Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yesica","family":"Schulze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Reproduction of Farm Animals Sch\u00f6now  Bernau Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Reproduction of Farm Animals Sch\u00f6now  Bernau Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Se\u00e1n","family":"Fair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Biological Sciences, Bernal Institute, Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Limerick  Limerick Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7932-9412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Schulze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Reproduction of Farm Animals Sch\u00f6now  Bernau Germany"},{"name":"Reproductive Biology of Farm Animals, Department of Crop and Animal Sciences, Albrecht Daniel Thaer\u2010Institute for Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences Humboldt Universit\u00e4t Zu Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.2000.1880"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3906\/vet\u20101507\u201018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod66.2.354"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093\u2010691X(02)00941\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2008.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod67.1.340"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401950"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010022\u201016280\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2019.00195"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bio.2019.0037"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP\u201011\u20100310"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1682393"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036550"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/RD08002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2024.104892"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18805\/IJAR.B\u20104530"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.14208"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.05.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.12.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2007.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7892\/boris.80066"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod63.1.341"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.1998.3943"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.24712"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/R96088"}],"container-title":["Reproduction 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