{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T20:51:56Z","timestamp":1777582316469,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reprod Domestic Animals"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study aims to investigate the cryoprotective effect of Omega\u20103 nano\u2010emulsion (Omega\u20103 NE) on stallion sperm quality, kinematic parameters, acrosome status, subcellular ultrastructure, oxidative\/antioxidant markers, and semen microbiota. Forty ejaculates were collected, extended, and cryopreserved from 5 fertile Pure Egyptian stallions (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Equus caballus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ). The ejaculates were divided into five groups: a control group (without additive) and four groups supplemented with 25, 50, 100, and 200\u2009\u03bcg of Omega\u20103 NE\/mL. The Omega\u20103 NE exhibited an average particle size of 51\u2013146\u2009nm, a PDI of 0.58, and a zeta potential of \u221231\u2009mV. Omega\u20103 NE (200\u2009\u03bcg\/mL) significantly improved progressive motility, viability, and membrane integrity of stallion semen (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Additionally, supplementation with Omega\u20103 NE (200\u2009\u03bcg\/mL) led to a significant enhancement in post\u2010thawed sperm kinematic parameters, including PM, DSL, VCL, and VSL, by 40%, 21.5%, 26.7%, and 20.7%, respectively, compared to the control group. The addition of 100 or 200\u2009\u03bcg\/mL Omega\u20103 NE to the media resulted in a higher percentage of live sperm with intact acrosomes. Additionally, all Omega\u20103 NE treatments significantly decreased the percentage of dead sperm with intact acrosomes as well as microbiota load (total bacterial count and\n                    <jats:italic>coliform<\/jats:italic>\n                    bacteria count) compared to the control (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Significant improvements in antioxidant status (TAC and CAT) and reduction of oxidative stress markers (MDA, NO, and H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) were observed in all Omega\u20103 NE groups compared to the control group (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Omega\u20103 NE (200\u2009\u03bcg\/mL) significantly reduced sperm apoptosis (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and preserved better subcellular integrity compared to the control and other treatment groups. The results suggest that Omega\u20103 NE at concentrations of 100\u2013200\u2009\u03bcg\/mL can effectively enhance sperm cryo\u2010resistance via enhancing sperm quality and kinematic variables, reducing oxidative stress and microbiota load, and maintaining sperm subcellular ultrastructure. The study highlights the potential of Omega\u20103 NE as a nanotechnology\u2010based approach to boost assisted reproductive technologies in stallion breeding programmes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.70169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T07:00:55Z","timestamp":1767942055000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cryoprotective Efficacy of Omega\u20103 Nano\u2010Emulsion on Kinematic Parameters, Acrosome Status, Subcellular Ultrastructure, and Oxidative\/Antioxidant Markers in Cryopreserved Stallion Semen"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9539-3246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wael A.","family":"Khalil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture Mansoura University  Mansoura Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed I.","family":"Sharf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture Mansoura University  Mansoura Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed K.","family":"Derbala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging and Endoscopy Unit Animal Reproduction Research Institute (ARRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC)  Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud A. E.","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture  Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6873-0718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sameh A.","family":"Abdelnour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture Zagazig University  Zagazig Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mostafa A.","family":"El\u2010Harairy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture Mansoura University  Mansoura Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.140928"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2025.116171"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10091508"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2024.107429"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.14291"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2024.1384047"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1984-3143-ar2022-0010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-019-03253-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deg199"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2004.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119556015.ch133"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2018.02.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B1700063"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","article-title":"Antibacterial and Anti\u2010Biofilm Activity of Omega\u20103 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Against Periprosthetic Joint Infections\u2010Isolated Multi\u2010Drug Resistant Strains","volume":"9","author":"Cora\u00e7a\u2010Huber D. 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