{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T22:53:59Z","timestamp":1774565639999,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reprod Domestic Animals"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This large\u2010scale study evaluated 25,512 Nellore bulls raised under tropical field conditions to elucidate multivariate determinants of breeding soundness and to derive a data\u2010driven risk stratification framework based on BSE outcomes. Macro\u2010 and microscopic semen traits (e.g., progressive motility, sperm morphology including major defects, scrotal circumference, vigour and mass activity), recorded clinical alterations and epidemiological factors (age and seasonality) were integrated using multivariable modelling and internal validation. Logistic regression identified progressive motility, proportion of major defects and scrotal circumference as independent predictors of BSE\u2010based unfitness, with a cross\u2010validated ROC AUC of 0.84 (95% CI 0.83\u20130.85), indicating high discriminative performance. Principal component and clustering analyses revealed three reproducible phenotypic profiles (optimal, intermediate and critical) combining functional, morphological and anatomical attributes. These components were synthesised into a Breeding Soundness Risk Index (BSRI) showing consistent calibration and stability under five\u2010fold cross\u2010validation, enabling objective stratification of bulls by probability of BSE\u2010based unfitness. Advancing age and seasonal heat load were associated with increased odds of BSE\u2010based unfitness, consistent with cumulative thermal and physiological stress under tropical management. Collectively, these results support progressive motility, major sperm defects and scrotal circumference as cornerstone indicators of breeding soundness in large\u2010scale field settings, and the BSRI provides an objective, field\u2010applicable score to support sire selection and management decisions under tropical conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.70190","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T08:30:26Z","timestamp":1772958626000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Decoding Bull Fertility Under Tropical Conditions: Multivariate Predictive Modelling From 25,512 Field Spermiograms"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Clovis Juk","family":"Fassano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o Em Ci\u00eancia Animal Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Do Paran\u00e1  Curitiba Paran\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9342-2489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Henrique Lomba","family":"de Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o Em Ci\u00eancia Animal Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Do Paran\u00e1  Curitiba Paran\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando Andrade","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal Do Paran\u00e1  Curitiba Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8977-9740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia Siqueira","family":"de Lara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal Do Paran\u00e1  Curitiba Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T\u00e1cia Gomes","family":"Bergstein\u2010Galan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal Do Paran\u00e1  Curitiba Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7931-455X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eriklis","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal Do Mato Grosso Do Sul  Campo Grande Mato Grosso do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3700-1811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiz Ernandes","family":"Kozicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o Em Ci\u00eancia Animal Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Do Paran\u00e1  Curitiba Paran\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2025.104271"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2025.104271"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100568"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1984\u20103143\u2010AR2024\u20100030"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"113","article-title":"Bull Breeding Soundness Evaluation","volume":"79","author":"Barth A. 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