{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T07:56:58Z","timestamp":1777103818626,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reprod Domestic Animals"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Despite the considerable improvement in sperm cryopreservation regarding the procedures and cryoprotectants, the post\u2010thawed semen quality characteristics still are far lower than the fresh semen sample. The current study aimed to investigate the efficacy of two semen extenders including ANDROMED (soy lecithin\u2010based) and TRILADYL CSS (egg yolk\u2010based) in combination with manual and automatic freezing programs on preserving post\u2010thawed Bovine semen quality characteristics and bacterial contamination. The semen samples were cryopreserved via manual and automatic freezing using different extenders after passing the initial quality examination. Sperm quality characteristics and bacterial contamination were evaluated in fresh and post\u2010thawed semen samples. The results demonstrated that regardless of the freezing program, the egg yolk\u2010based extender is superior in preserving semen quality characteristics during cryopreservation; however, the post\u2010thawed semen bacterial contamination was higher in semen samples extended in egg yolk\u2010based extender (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Moreover, the semen post\u2010thawing quality characteristics were significantly higher in automatic compared to manual freezing (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Regarding the interaction effects, the semen samples diluted with egg yolk\u2010based extender and frozen via automatic freezing showed the highest post\u2010thawing quality characteristics highlighting the higher suitability of egg yolk versus soy lecithin\u2010based semen extender and also automatic versus manual freezing in preserving sperm quality characteristics during cryopreservation. The results of the current work demonstrate that using egg yolk\u2010based extender in combination with automatic freezing can be acquired to preserve sperm quality during cryopreservation, whereas soy lecithin\u2010based extender in combination with automatic freezing procedure can be used to control bacterial contamination if sperm quality characteristics are suitably qualified. However, research is needed to evaluate the competence of sperm cells from current treatments on oocyte fertility, conception, and pregnancy rates.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.70208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T13:55:05Z","timestamp":1776866105000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Type of Extender and Freezing Method on Bovine Semen Post\u2010Thawed Quality Characteristics and Bacterial Contamination"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1423-4580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Ataei\u2010Nazari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra  Nitra Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"\u010eura\u010dka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AgroBioTech Research Centre Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra  Nitra Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Filip","family":"Benko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra  Nitra Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miroslava","family":"Ka\u010d\u00e1niov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering Slovak University of Agriculture  Nitra Slovakia"},{"name":"School of Medical and Health Sciences University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Ivani\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Slovak Biological Services a.s. Breeding Station in Lu\u017eianky  Lu\u017eianky Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2895-1249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Tvrd\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra  Nitra Slovakia"},{"name":"Chair of Animal Breeding and Biotechnology Estonian University of Life Sciences  Tartu Estonia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1982.552232x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2010.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0223977"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"61","article-title":"Development of an Automation and Control System for Bovine Semen Freezing","volume":"12","author":"Arango T. J. E.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tecciencia"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-4-547"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15213218"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42269-020-00371-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032510"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0276683"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.20565"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.597954"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25061340"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2021.1220-1233"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2018.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24234329"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19396368.2021.1958028"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17221\/138\/2024-CJAS"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/jappmu.2010.86093"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2018.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2010.01154.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjr.2016.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2010.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kabir M. A. S. J.Hossain G.Deb S. F.Shejuty D.Das andA.Al Noman.2022.\u201cComparison Between Manual and Automated Cryopreservation Techniques and Effects of Different Semen Extenders on Post\u2010Thaw Semen Quality of Buffalo.\u201d","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202211.0520.v1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9110765"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1456305"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bio.2019.0037"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1979.4951190x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2016.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11061771"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0967199498000136"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2020.106315"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-55057-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","article-title":"Relationship of Microbiota With Male Reproductive Potential","volume":"2","author":"Omur A.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Veterinary Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb45060300"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11746-005-1111-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","unstructured":"Pascal M. R.Costea andA.B\u00eer\u021boiu.2013.\u201cComparison Between an Automatic and a Manual Protocol for Freezing Canine Semen.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","first-page":"239","article-title":"A Review on Semen Extenders and Additives Used in Cattle and Buffalo Bull Semen Preservation","volume":"6","author":"Raheja N.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","unstructured":"Rios A. P. andI. M.Botella.2019.\u201cDescription and Outcomes of Current Clinical Techniques for Sperm Cryopreservation.\u201d Reproductive Health."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","first-page":"527","article-title":"Microbial Load of Frozen Thawed Sahiwal Semen Extended in Egg Yolk, Soya Lecithin and Liposome Based Extender","volume":"52","author":"Singh A.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Animal Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.14742"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/avet.2011.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14101817"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci11060251"}],"container-title":["Reproduction in Domestic Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/rda.70208","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/rda.70208","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/rda.70208","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T07:24:10Z","timestamp":1777101850000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/rda.70208"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/rda.70208"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/rda.70208","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0936-6768","1439-0531"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0936-6768","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0531","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70208"}}