{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T12:05:11Z","timestamp":1779969911085,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777507200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reprod Domestic Animals"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This experiment explores the comparative ability of vitamin E (VE) and its nano\u2010emulsion (VEN) in enhancing cryo\u2010resistance of stallion spermatozoa by examining semen quality, kinematic variables, acrosome integrity, apoptosis, antioxidant capacity, ultra\u2010structural alterations and microbiota of cryopreserved stallion sperm. Semen from five stallions (8\u201310\u2009years) was cryopreserved with 0.1 or 1\u2009mM of VE or VEN; and a non\u2010additive group served as the control. The VEN particles ranged in size from 72 to 172\u2009nm, with a mean diameter of 287\u2009nm. Supplementation with VE (1\u2009mM) or VEN (0.1 or 1\u2009mM) significantly enhanced progressive motility and viability during both the equilibration (for 30\u2009min at 4\u00b0C) and post\u2010thaw phases compared to the control (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Plasma membrane functionality was superior in all treated groups compared to control group (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Post\u2010thaw sperm kinematic parameters and acrosome integrity were significantly enhanced in VEN treatment compared to VE and control groups. VEN (1\u2009mM) notably improved antioxidant defences, specifically increasing TAC and catalase levels (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and a significant reduction in oxidative stress (NO, MDA and H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) in all treated semen samples (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). VEN (1\u2009mM) significantly reduced the proportion of apoptotic sperm (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01), increased viable sperm counts and the preservation of sperm ultrastructural integrity, as evidenced by intact acrosome and plasma membranes. VE and VEN treatments markedly lowered the total bacterial and\n                    <jats:italic>coliform<\/jats:italic>\n                    counts. Overall, supplementation with VEN (0.1 and 1\u2009mM) effectively optimizes post\u2010thaw stallion sperm quality by enhancing antioxidant defences and reducing the seminal microbiota.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.70213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T09:15:51Z","timestamp":1777540551000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nano\u2010Encapsulated Vitamin E Enhances Cryo\u2010Resistance of Stallion Spermatozoa: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Sperm Quality, Kinematic Parameters, Antioxidant Capacity, Microbiota and Ultrastructure"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9539-3246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wael A.","family":"Khalil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture Mansoura University  Mansoura Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hesham E.","family":"Mostafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture Mansoura University  Mansoura Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed K.","family":"Derbala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging and Endoscopy Unit Animal Reproduction Research Institute (ARRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC)  Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud A. E.","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Production Research Institute Agriculture Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture  Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6873-0718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sameh A.","family":"Abdelnour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture Zagazig University  Zagazig Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mostafa A.","family":"El\u2010Harairy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture Mansoura University  Mansoura Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2024.107429"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","article-title":"Antimicrobial Activity of Chitosan\u2010Vitamin E\u2010Nanoemulsion","volume":"13","author":"Alkhatib M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deg199"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14172465"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119556015.ch133"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.107954"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2018.02.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13030322"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2008.11.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2016.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","first-page":"285","article-title":"The Use of Camel's Milk as Extender for Buffalo Semen","author":"El\u2010Badry D.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 19th Congress on Animal Reproduction and Fertility, Hurghada, Egypt"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1828051X.2024.2407081"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105282"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","first-page":"142","article-title":"How to Collect Semen From Stallions While They Are Standing on the Ground","volume":"45","author":"Forney B. 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