{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T12:05:11Z","timestamp":1779969911047,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reprod Domestic Animals"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Reproductive efficiency is a primary determinant of profitability in ruminant production, with male fertility being a critical factor for genetic progress and herd productivity. While nutritional management is a central component in modulating reproductive capacity, the effects of excessive dietary protein on testicular function remain incompletely elucidated. This study evaluated the impact of different dietary crude protein (CP) levels on reproductive and metabolic parameters in rams. Twenty\u2010eight Santa In\u00eas rams were randomly assigned to four groups (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20097) and fed for 120\u2009days with isoenergetic diets containing distinct CP levels: control (13.4%), hypoproteic (11.4%), hyperproteic I (17.5%) and hyperproteic II (22.4%). Periodic evaluations of body parameters, sperm kinetics and morphology, testicular ultrasonography, testicular cytology and hormonal profiles were conducted. Diets did not influence body weight or sperm motility (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). However, variations in testicular echogenicity were observed (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), and rams fed hyperproteic diets showed a progressive and marked increase in total sperm defects, exceeding 29.5% on day 80 (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) compared with the control group (12.86%). Cytological analysis confirmed the presence of multinucleated giant cells and testicular degenerative changes from day 40 onwards in the hyperproteic groups. In conclusion, diets containing 17.5% and 22.4% CP are detrimental to sperm morphology and testicular integrity in rams, even in the absence of changes in body weight or detectable ultrasonographic alterations. The diet with 13.4% CP proved more suitable for maintaining testicular function and reproductive health.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.70215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T09:32:36Z","timestamp":1777887156000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dietary Protein Imbalance Impairs Sperm Morphology and Promotes Testicular Degeneration in Rams"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Edson Ramos de","family":"Siqueira Filho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction  Botucatu S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederico Ozanam","family":"Papa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction  Botucatu S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2214-3384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Henrique de Oliveira","family":"Baldini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction  Botucatu S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrey Osvaldo Souza","family":"Ferro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction  Botucatu S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina","family":"Alberti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Center of the Oct\u00e1vio Bastos Educational Foundation (UNIFEOB), Veterinary Medicine Program  S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o da Boa Vista S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiago","family":"Troncarellli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Institute of Santa Catarina (IFC), Veterinary Medicine Program  Conc\u00f3rdia Santa Catarina Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0193-7124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel Augusto","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction  Botucatu S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921\u20104488(99)00041\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/ats\u20102020\u20100012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017\u201013720"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11020261"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","volume-title":"Manual Para Exame Androl\u00f3gico e Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o de S\u00eamen Animal","author":"Col\u00e9gio Brasileiro de Reprodu\u00e7\u00e3o 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