{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T05:45:24Z","timestamp":1782711924007,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reprod Domestic Animals"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study explored the development of salicylic acid\u2010conjugated chitosan nanoparticles (SACNs) and their effectiveness in enhancing the cryopreservation of buffalo sperm. The assessment focused on post\u2010thaw sperm quality and kinematics, microbiota profiles, oxidative stress markers, acrosome integrity, apoptosis, and docking analysis. Semen was collected from eight fertile buffalo bulls via an artificial vagina. Samples were diluted with a Tris\u2010based extender and supplemented with SACNs at concentrations of 0\u2009\u03bcM (SACNs0), 5\u2009\u03bcM (SACNs5), 10\u2009\u03bcM (SACNs10), 20\u2009\u03bcM (SACNs20), and 40\u2009\u03bcM (SACNs40). Following a standard freezing procedure, sperm quality and kinematic parameters significantly improved in the SACNs10, SACNs20, and SACNs40 groups, with the greatest improvement in the SACNs40 group (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Acrosome integrity was significantly improved in all SACNs\u2010treated semen samples compared with the SACNs0 treatment (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Additionally, total antioxidant capacity and catalase activity were improved, while hydrogen peroxide and MDA levels were noticeably diminished in all SACNs\u2010treated groups (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Although all SACNs concentrations markedly reduced apoptotic markers, caspase\u20103 activity, and reactive oxygen species, it showed the lowest levels in the SACNs40 group (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Salicylic acid exhibited strong docking interactions with key regulators of mitochondrial function and sperm motion, including UCP1, HSP70, cytochrome c, and the tubulin\u2010colchicine complex, suggesting a multi\u2010target mechanism of action. Furthermore, supplementation with SACNs at 10, 20, and 40\u2009\u03bcM significantly declined\n                    <jats:italic>coliform<\/jats:italic>\n                    and total bacterial counts compared with the SACNs0 treatment (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). These findings show that SACNs, acting as nano\u2010antioxidant additives, enhance the cryoresistance of buffalo sperm, suggesting their potential to improve assisted reproductive technologies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.70247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T12:51:16Z","timestamp":1780923076000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Protective Role of Salicylic Acid\u2010Conjugated Chitosan Nanoparticles Against Cryodamage in Buffalo Semen"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9539-3246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wael A.","family":"Khalil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture Mansoura University  Mansoura Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aya A.","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture Mansoura University  Mansoura Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2739-6757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud A. E.","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center Ministry of Agriculture  Dokki, Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mostafa A.","family":"El\u2010Harairy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture Mansoura University  Mansoura Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9604-3475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Moussa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emirates Smart Camel Center  Umm Al Quwain UAE"},{"name":"Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Suez Canal University  Ismailia Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6873-0718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sameh A.","family":"Abdelnour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture Zagazig University  Zagazig 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