{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T04:59:35Z","timestamp":1790398775240,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reprod Domestic Animals"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study investigated the phenotypic and molecular basis of semen\u2010quality variation in donkeys by integrating semen\u2010quality assessment, reproductive ultrasonography and proteomic analysis. High\u2010quality semen (H) and low\u2010quality semen (L) groups were classified according to semen\u2010quality assessment with the parameters of total sperm count (TSC), total motility (TM), progressive motility (PM), acrosome integrity rate (AIR), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), sperm abnormality percentage (PSA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our results showed that the H group had greater testicular circumference (TC; 30.20\u2009\u00b1\u20090.30\u2009cm vs. 28.10\u2009\u00b1\u20090.40\u2009cm,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01), long axis of the spermatic cord (LASC; 39.20\u2009\u00b1\u20094.00\u2009mm vs. 33.50\u2009\u00b1\u20093.20\u2009mm,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0\n                    <jats:italic>5<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), cross\u2010sectional area of the cauda epididymis (CSACE; 352.80\u2009\u00b1\u200921.60 vs. 281.30\u2009\u00b1\u200941.80\u2009mm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0\n                    <jats:italic>5<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Proteomic analysis identified 6 differentially abundant proteins in seminal plasma (SPINKL, HSP\u20101, GBA2) and sperm (PAFAH1B1, SSMEM1, SPINK2), whose abundances showed potential associations with semen\u2010quality traits and reproductive\u2010organ biometry. The Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that GBA2 abundance was positively correlated with PM (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.886), MMP (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.943), TC (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.986), CSACE (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091.000) and LASC (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.829), and negatively correlated with PSA (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120.829), CA (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120.941) and ROS (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120.886). The other five proteins were positively correlated with PM (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u20090.829), while HSP\u20101, SPINKL, SSMEM1 and SPINK2 were also positively correlated with TC (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u20090.812). These findings suggest that semen\u2010quality variation in donkeys is associated with differences in testicular and accessory sex gland biometry, and the 6 identified proteins are potentially associated with semen\u2010quality variation and require further biological validation using targeted proteomics and antibody\u2010based assays in independent populations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.70314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:21:25Z","timestamp":1787836885000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integration of Proteomics and Phenomics to Reveal Molecular Differences in High and Low Semen Quality in Donkeys"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Chen","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yizaitiguli","family":"Reyimujiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5767-9929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yajun","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences  Hohhot China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyu","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"YuanWeiLu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanghao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yimeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University  Beijing 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