{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T07:54:40Z","timestamp":1791186880963,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reprod Domestic Animals"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study aimed to investigate the novel application of unformulated\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Moringa oleifera<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    (MOR) and its nanoemulsion (MO\u2010NE) in mitigating the adverse impacts of thermal stress on testicular hemodynamics, the antioxidant profile, and semen characteristics in bucks. Fifteen sexually mature bucks were randomly assigned to three equal groups and treated orally once daily for 8\u2009weeks: (1) the control group (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20095; CON) received a basal diet only; (2) the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MOR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    group (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20095; MOR) received the basal diet supplemented with 40\u2009mg\/kg BW of unformulated MOR orally; and (3) the moringa nanoemulsion group (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20095; MO\u2010NE) received the basal diet supplemented with 4\u2009mg\/kg BW of MO\u2010NE orally. Testicular ultrasound, semen, and blood parameters were evaluated weekly across 8\u2009weeks (1\u20138\u2009week) during summer heat\u2010stress (HS) trial (temperature\u2010humidity index (THI) =\u200976.70\u201379.54), following a two\u2010week (week\u20101 and week\u20102) pre\u2010heat stress winter baseline in February. In the MO\u2010NE group, testicular Doppler indices (resistive index, pulsatility index, and systolic\/diastolic ratio) significantly decreased (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) from weeks 2\u20138, concurrent with increased (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) total antioxidant capacity, catalase enzyme, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase. Furthermore, MO\u2010NE achieved the highest (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) testosterone and nitric oxide levels (weeks 2\u20138), improving sperm motility, sperm viability, acrosome integrity, and normal morphology (weeks 2\u20138), alongside sperm cell concentration at weeks 5 and 8. In conclusion, MO\u2010NE intervention serves as a viable strategy to mitigate HS in bucks, successfully restoring core reproductive functions, including testicular perfusion and sperm quality parameters.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.70322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T07:32:39Z","timestamp":1791185559000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Oral Administration of\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Moringa oleifera<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    or Its Nanoemulsion Ameliorates Testicular Hemodynamics, Testosterone Concentration, Semen Quality, and Total Antioxidant Capacity in Heat\u2010Stressed Goat Bucks"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7999-8309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aya M.","family":"Fadl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University  Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8027-978X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eman","family":"Fayez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University  Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2159-8837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fady Sayed","family":"Youssef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University  Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3837-133X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mayada","family":"Essam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University  Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4051-9021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud Saber","family":"Abdulkader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University  Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9685-016X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ola","family":"Adel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University  Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1139\/bcb-2014-0081","article-title":"Moringa oleifera\n                   Leaf Extract Ameliorates Alloxan\u2010Induced Diabetes in Rats by Regeneration of \u03b2 Cells and Reduction of Pyruvate Carboxylase Expression","volume":"92","author":"Abd El Latif A.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochemistry and Cell Biology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1139\/bcb-2016-0256","article-title":"An Aqueous Extract From \n                     Moringa oleifera\n                   Leaves Ameliorates Hepatotoxicity in Alloxan\u2010Induced Diabetic Rats","volume":"95","author":"Abd Eldaim M. A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochemistry and Cell Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1566471","article-title":"Rutin and \n                     Moringa oleifera\n                   Leaf Extract Prevent Monosodium Glutamate\u2010Induced Testicular Toxicity in Adult Male Albino Rats","volume":"12","author":"Abdel\u2010Aty D. M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4995\/wrs.2026.24508","article-title":"Effect of Nanomoringa and Nanocurcumin Supplementation on Reproductive Performance and Antioxidant Status of Rabbit Bucks","volume":"34","author":"Abdelkhalek K. G.","year":"2026","journal-title":"World Rabbit Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2018.10.023","article-title":"Moringa oleifera\n                   Leaf Extract Lowers High Blood Pressure by Alleviating Vascular Dysfunction and Decreasing Oxidative Stress in L\u2010NAME Hypertensive Rats","volume":"54","author":"Aekthammarat D.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110605","article-title":"Moringa oleifera\n                   Leaf Extract Enhances Endothelial Nitric Oxide Production Leading to Relaxation of Resistance Artery and Lowering of Arterial Blood Pressure","volume":"130","author":"Aekthammarat D.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.21608\/jappmu.2020.130063","article-title":"Improving Reproductive Hormones, Semen Quality, and Antioxidative Capacity of Rabbit Bucks Administrated With Moringa Seeds Extract","volume":"11","author":"Agwa O.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Animal and Poultry Production"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Impacts of In\u00a0Vitro Thermal Stress on Ovine Epididymal Spermatozoa and the Protective Effect of \u03b2\u2010Mercaptoethanol as an Antioxidant","volume":"11","author":"Ahmadi E.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Veterinary Research Forum"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2015.04.003","article-title":"Effects of Heat Stress on Semen Characteristics of Holstein Bulls Estimated on a Continuous Phenotypic and Genetic Scale","volume":"177","author":"Al\u2010Kanaan A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Livestock Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14040471","article-title":"Major Oxidative and Antioxidant Mechanisms During Heat Stress\u2010Induced Oxidative Stress in Chickens","volume":"14","author":"Aryal B.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.3923\/ajps.2005.417.421","article-title":"Mineral Composition of \n                     Moringa oleifera\n                   Leaves and Pods From Different Regions of Punjab, Pakistan","volume":"4","author":"Aslam M.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Plant Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pr7090617"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3546","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0211480","article-title":"Profiling Glucosinolates and Phenolics in Vegetative and Reproductive Tissues of the Multi\u2010Purpose Trees \n                     Moringa oleifera\n                   L. 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