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Because this cost may be alleviated by appropriate restoration measures, money is being invested in peatland restoration projects around the world. Here, we review over 25 years of restoration in Western Europe. First, we provide an overview of techniques used in different contexts and evaluate the status of the evidence base for restoration outcomes. Between 1993 and 2015, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EU\u2010LIFE<\/jats:styled-content> nature programme alone invested 167.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">6M<\/jats:styled-content> \u20ac in 80 projects, which aim to restore over 913 km<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> of peatland habitats in Western European countries, mostly in protected sites part of the Natura 2000 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EU<\/jats:styled-content> network. This represents less than 2% of the total remaining area of peatlands in these countries, most of which have been impacted to some degree by anthropogenic disturbances. Potential for restoration should be considered in nondesignated sites. We reviewed a number of case studies covering a range of restoration approaches used in different parts of Western Europe. We found that published evidence of restoration progress was limited to specific sites\/areas, and in many cases lacked baseline measurements and clear goals, that is, measurable target or contemporary reference(s). We discuss barriers and opportunities to turn the tide for peatland restoration in Western Europe and promote the establishment of robust, standardized monitoring schemes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/rec.12415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,18]],"date-time":"2016-08-18T00:26:39Z","timestamp":1471479999000},"page":"271-282","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":209,"title":["An overview of the progress and challenges of peatland restoration in Western Europe"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Roxane","family":"Andersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Research Institute University of the Highlands &amp; Islands  Thurso U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Farrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecology Unit Bord na M\u00f3na  Offaly Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha","family":"Graf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Environmental Planning Universit\u00e4t Hannover  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis","family":"Muller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"French Mire Resource Centre, at F\u00e9d\u00e9ration des conservatoires d'espaces naturels, MEFC  Besan\u00e7on France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilie","family":"Calvar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conservatoire d'espaces naturels de Franche\u2010Comt\u00e9  Besan\u00e7on France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Frankard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement du Milieu Naturel et Agricole Service Public de Wallonie  Gembloux Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Caporn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science and the Environment Manchester Metropolitan University  Manchester U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penny","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Penny Anderson Associates  Buxton U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.12391"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","unstructured":"AndersenR PayneR RatcliffeJ GaffneyP(2014) Restoration of afforested peatlands in Scotland. 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